School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 7;11(1):17745. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97320-5.
This study aimed to (1) establish age- and sex-specific functional fitness (FF) norms in Chinese older adults living in urban communities and (2) explore ageing-related degradations and sex differences in each FF dimension. A pool of 2398 individuals (1128 men; 1270 women) aged 60-98 years were recruited from urban communities of Nanjing, China. FF was measured using the Senior Fitness Test battery. FF norms were established for men and women in 5-year age intervals using five percentiles (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th). Significant degradations in FF were correlated with increases in age. Around half of test items in 75-79 years group (3 for men; 4 for women) and over half in 80-84 years group (5 for men; 4 for women) exhibited significant decreases in FF compared with the adjacent younger group, indicating that ages of 75 and 80 years are two potential turning points in FF declines. Significant differences existed between the overall FF of men and women; women outperformed men in flexibility and men outperformed women in upper body strength, agility/dynamic balance, and aerobic endurance. Significant age and sex effects occurred in each fitness dimension, which helps individualised program design and promotes an active lifestyle in older adults.
(1) 建立中国城市社区中老年人特定年龄和性别的功能性体能（FF）标准；(2) 探讨每个 FF 维度与年龄相关的衰退和性别差异。从中国南京城市社区招募了 2398 名年龄在 60-98 岁的参与者（男性 1128 人，女性 1270 人）。使用 Senior Fitness Test 电池测量 FF。使用五个百分位数（第 10、25、50、75 和 90 百分位数），按 5 年年龄间隔为男性和女性建立 FF 标准。FF 随着年龄的增长而显著下降。与相邻年轻组相比，75-79 岁组（男性 3 项，女性 4 项）和 80-84 岁组（男性 5 项，女性 4 项）的半数以上测试项目在 FF 方面明显下降，表明 75 岁和 80 岁是 FF 下降的两个潜在转折点。男性和女性的整体 FF 存在显著差异；女性在柔韧性方面优于男性，而男性在上肢力量、敏捷性/动态平衡和有氧耐力方面优于女性。每个体能维度都存在显著的年龄和性别影响，这有助于个性化的方案设计，并促进老年人的积极生活方式。
