School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia.
Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 7;11(1):17775. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97057-1.
Macropod progressive periodontal disease (MPPD) is a necrotizing, polymicrobial, inflammatory disease commonly diagnosed in captive macropods. MPPD is characterized by gingivitis associated with dental plaque formation, which progresses to periodontitis and then to osteomyelitis of the mandible or maxilla. However, the underlying microbial causes of this disease remain poorly understood. In this study, we collected 27 oral plaque samples and associated clinical records from 22 captive Macropodidae and Potoroidae individuals that were undergoing clinical examination at Adelaide and Monarto Zoos in South Australia (15 healthy, 7 gingivitis and 5 periodontitis-osteomyelitis samples). The V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced using an Illumina Miseq to explore links between MPPD and oral bacteria in these animals. Compositional differences were detected between the microbiota of periodontitis-osteomyelitis cases compared to healthy samples (p-value with Bonferroni correction < 0.01), as well as gingivitis cases compared to healthy samples (p-value with Bonferroni correction < 0.05) using Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). An overabundance of Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides taxa was also identified in animals with MPPD compared to healthy individuals using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe; p = < 0.05). An increased abundance of Desulfomicrobium also was detected in MPPD samples (LEfSe; p < 0.05), which could potentially reflect differences in disease progression. This is the first microbiota analysis of MPPD in captive macropods, and these results support a polymicrobial pathogenesis of MPPD, suggesting that the microbial interactions underpinning MPPD may be more complex than previously documented.
大袋鼠进行性牙周病（MPPD）是一种常见于圈养大袋鼠的坏死性、多微生物、炎症性疾病。MPPD 的特征是与牙菌斑形成相关的牙龈炎，其进展为牙周炎，然后发展为下颌骨或上颌骨骨髓炎。然而，这种疾病的潜在微生物病因仍知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们从南澳大利亚阿德莱德和莫纳托动物园接受临床检查的 22 只大袋鼠科和袋熊科个体中收集了 27 个口腔菌斑样本和相关临床记录（15 个健康样本、7 个牙龈炎样本和 5 个牙周炎-骨髓炎样本）。使用 Illumina Miseq 对 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因的 V3-V4 区进行测序，以探索这些动物的 MPPD 与口腔细菌之间的联系。与健康样本相比，牙周炎-骨髓炎病例的微生物群落之间存在差异（经 Bonferroni 校正的 p 值 < 0.01），与健康样本相比，牙龈炎病例的微生物群落之间也存在差异（经 Bonferroni 校正的 p 值 < 0.05），采用置换多元方差分析（PERMANOVA）。与健康个体相比，患有 MPPD 的动物中还发现了卟啉单胞菌、梭杆菌和拟杆菌属的过度生长（使用线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）；p 值 < 0.05）。在 MPPD 样本中也检测到脱硫微菌的丰度增加（LEfSe；p < 0.05），这可能反映了疾病进展的差异。这是对圈养大袋鼠 MPPD 的首次微生物组分析，这些结果支持 MPPD 的多微生物发病机制，表明 MPPD 下的微生物相互作用可能比以前记录的更为复杂。
