Paediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology, Division of Pediatrics, Woman, Mother and Child Department, Pediatric Nutrition and Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011Lausanne, Switzerland.
U 1116 UL-INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France.
Br J Nutr. 2022 Aug 14;128(3):531-541. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521003469. Epub 2021 Sep 9.
Hydration is a particular concern for infants and young children due to their greater risk of dehydration. However, studies on their water intakes are scarce. The current survey aimed to analyse total water intake (TWI) in non-breastfed children aged 0·5-35 months compared with the adequate intake (AI) for the same age group set by the European Food Safety Authority and to examine the different contributors to TWI as well as beverage consumption patterns. Nationally representative data from the Nutri-Bébé cross-sectional survey were used to assess food, beverage and plain water consumption by age group over three non-consecutive days. With age, median TWI in 1035 children increased from 732 to 1010 ml/d, without differences between sexes, but with a great inter-individual variation, and the percentage of children who did not meet the AI increased from 10 to 88 %. Median weight-related TWI decreased from 136·6 to 69·0 ml/kg per d. Among infants, 90 % had a ratio of water:energy below the AI, similarly for about 75 % of toddlers. Milk and milk products were the main contributors to TWI, while the part of plain water increased gradually to be 25 % in the older toddlers, half of which was tap water. The beverage consumption pattern varied in types and timing, with little consumption of juices and sweetened beverages. Vegetables and fruits accounted for 20 % of TWI after the age of 6 months. These initial results, showing strong discrepancies between actual and recommended water intakes in young children, should help identify ways to increase children's water consumption.
水合作用是婴儿和幼儿特别关注的问题，因为他们脱水的风险更高。然而，关于他们的水分摄入量的研究很少。目前的调查旨在分析 0.5-35 个月龄非母乳喂养儿童的总水分摄入量 (TWI) 与欧洲食品安全局为同一年龄组设定的充足摄入量 (AI) 相比，并检查 TWI 的不同贡献者以及饮料消费模式。使用全国代表性的 Nutri-Bébé 横断面调查数据，评估 3 天中非连续时间内不同年龄组的食物、饮料和白开水摄入量。随着年龄的增长，1035 名儿童的中位数 TWI 从 732 毫升/天增加到 1010 毫升/天，男女之间没有差异，但个体间差异很大，不符合 AI 的儿童比例从 10%增加到 88%。与体重相关的中位数 TWI 从 136.6 毫升/公斤/天下降到 69.0 毫升/公斤/天。在婴儿中，90%的水：能量比低于 AI，幼儿中也有大约 75%的水：能量比低于 AI。牛奶和奶制品是 TWI 的主要来源，而白开水的比例逐渐增加，在较大的幼儿中占 25%，其中一半是自来水。饮料消费模式在种类和时间上有所不同，果汁和含糖饮料的消费量很少。蔬菜和水果在 6 个月后占 TWI 的 20%。这些初步结果表明，幼儿的实际水分摄入量与推荐摄入量之间存在很大差异，应有助于确定增加儿童水分摄入量的方法。
