Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Institut de Chimie Physique, CLIO, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 200, BP34, CEDEX, 91898 Orsay, France.
Molecules. 2021 Sep 6;26(17):5412. doi: 10.3390/molecules26175412.
The metabolite profile of fresh Goji berries from two cultivars, namely Big Lifeberry (BL) and Sweet Lifeberry (SL), grown in the Lazio region (Central Italy) and harvested at two different periods, August and October, corresponding at the beginning and the end of the maturation, was characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR MS) methodologies. Several classes of compounds such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, polyphenols, and terpenes were identified and quantified in hydroalcoholic and organic Bligh-Dyer extracts. Sweet Lifeberry extracts were characterized by a higher content of sucrose with respect to the Big Lifeberry ones and high levels of amino acids (glycine, betaine, proline) were observed in SL berries harvested in October. Spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophylls and total carotenoids was also carried out, showing a decrease of carotenoids during the time. These results can be useful not only to valorize local products but also to suggest the best harvesting period to obtain a product with a chemical composition suitable for specific industrial use. Finally, preliminary studies regarding both the chemical characterization of Goji leaves generally considered a waste product, and the biological activity of Big Lifeberry berries extracts was also investigated. Goji leaves showed a chemical profile rich in healthy compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, etc.) confirming their promising use in the supplements/nutraceutical/cosmetic field. MG63 cells treated with Big Lifeberry berries extracts showed a decrease of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8 expression indicating their significant biological activity.
两个品种（即 Big Lifeberry（BL）和 Sweet Lifeberry（SL））的新鲜枸杞浆果的代谢物谱，这些浆果产自意大利拉齐奥地区，在 8 月和 10 月的两个不同时期收获，对应成熟过程的开始和结束。采用核磁共振（NMR）和电喷雾电离傅里叶变换离子回旋共振（ESI FT-ICR MS）方法对其进行了表征。在水醇和有机 Bligh-Dyer 提取物中鉴定和定量了几类化合物，如糖、氨基酸、有机酸、脂肪酸、多酚和萜烯。与 Big Lifeberry 相比，Sweet Lifeberry 提取物的蔗糖含量更高，而在 10 月收获的 SL 浆果中观察到氨基酸（甘氨酸、甜菜碱、脯氨酸）水平较高。还进行了叶绿素和总类胡萝卜素的分光光度分析，结果表明类胡萝卜素在这段时间内减少。这些结果不仅可以用来评估当地产品的价值，还可以建议最佳的收获期，以获得适合特定工业用途的化学组成的产品。最后，还对一般被认为是废物的枸杞叶的化学成分以及 Big Lifeberry 浆果提取物的生物活性进行了初步研究。枸杞叶的化学特征富含健康化合物（多酚、类黄酮等），证实了它们在补充剂/营养保健品/化妆品领域的有前景的用途。用 Big Lifeberry 浆果提取物处理的 MG63 细胞，其 iNOS、COX-2、IL-6 和 IL-8 的表达均降低，表明其具有显著的生物活性。
