Discipline of Exercise Sciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 25;18(17):8950. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18178950.
Long-term maintenance of changes in cardiovascular risk factors and physical capacity once patients leave the supervised program environment have not previously been reported. This study investigated the changes in physical capacity outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in an Australian cardiac rehabilitation setting, and the maintenance of changes in these outcomes in the 12 months following cardiac rehabilitation attendance. Improvements in mean (95% CI) cardiorespiratory fitness (16.4% (13.2-19.6%), < 0.001) and handgrip strength (8.0% (5.4-10.6%), < 0.001) were observed over the course of the cardiac rehabilitation program, and these improvements were maintained in the 12 months following completion. Waist circumference ( = 0.003) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( < 0.001) were the only traditional cardiovascular risk factors to improve during the cardiac rehabilitation program. Vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise was associated with significantly greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, Framingham risk score, and waist circumference in comparison to moderate-intensity exercise. An increase in the intensity of the exercise prescribed during cardiac rehabilitation in Australia is recommended to induce larger improvements in physical capacity outcomes and cardiovascular risk. A standardized exercise test at the beginning of the rehabilitation program is recommended to facilitate appropriate prescription of exercise intensity.
长期以来，心血管风险因素和身体能力的变化在患者离开监督项目环境后一直没有得到维持，这在以前的研究中并未报道过。本研究调查了澳大利亚心脏康复环境中身体能力结果和心血管风险因素的变化，以及心脏康复后 12 个月内这些结果的维持情况。在心脏康复项目期间，心肺功能（平均提高 16.4%（13.2-19.6%）， < 0.001）和握力（平均提高 8.0%（5.4-10.6%）， < 0.001）都有所改善，这些改善在完成后的 12 个月内得以维持。在心脏康复期间，只有传统的心血管风险因素腰围（ = 0.003）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ < 0.001）有所改善。与中等强度运动相比，剧烈强度有氧运动与心肺功能、弗雷明汉风险评分和腰围的显著改善相关。建议澳大利亚心脏康复期间增加运动强度，以诱导身体能力结果和心血管风险的更大改善。建议在康复计划开始时进行标准化运动测试，以方便适当处方运动强度。
