居家养老的老年人：基于感知住宅模型的活跃老年人的居住满意度。
Aging Living at Home: Residential Satisfaction among Active Older Adults Based on the Perceived Home Model.
机构信息
Department of Social Anthropology, Psychology and Public Health, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 25;18(17):8959. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18178959.
BACKGROUND
Housing plays an important role in the aging process and health. The house and its nearby environment host most of the daily activities of older adults. Residential satisfaction (RS) has been relegated to physical issues such as accessibility. However, RS is also constituted by older adults' perceptions about housing. This study analyzes the perceived home that develops RS in older adults.
METHODS
A random sample of 714 participants aged 50 to 84 (mean = 65; SD = 0.98) were used. Participants lived in ordinary housing in southern Spain. Scales measure perceptions of RS, meaning, functionality and belief of control over the home.
RESULTS
Analyses were performed using structural equation models to evaluate the dependence relationships between the different perceptions evaluated. We observe a direct influence of internal control on usability (β = 0.84) and perceived meanings (β = 0.49). However, external control shows a negative influence on the meaning of home (β = -0.14). Perceived usability (β = 0.68) and meaning (β = 0.32) positively influence RS.
CONCLUSION
Perceptions of meaning, functionality and RS itself depend on internal housing-related control beliefs. Active older adults with higher internal control perceived their home fit better to the need of everyday life and improve RS.
背景
住房在衰老过程和健康中起着重要作用。房屋及其附近环境承载着老年人大部分的日常活动。居住满意度（RS）一直被归结为可达性等物理问题。然而，RS 也由老年人对住房的看法构成。本研究分析了老年人 RS 发展的感知家园。
方法
本研究采用随机抽样方法，选取了 714 名年龄在 50 至 84 岁之间的参与者（平均年龄=65；标准差=0.98）。参与者居住在西班牙南部的普通住房中。采用量表测量 RS、意义、功能和对家庭控制感的感知。
结果
使用结构方程模型对不同感知之间的依赖关系进行了分析。我们观察到内部控制对可用性（β=0.84）和感知意义（β=0.49）有直接影响。然而，外部控制对家庭意义有负面影响（β=-0.14）。感知可用性（β=0.68）和意义（β=0.32）对 RS 有积极影响。
结论
意义、功能和 RS 本身的感知取决于与住房相关的内部控制信念。具有较高内部控制感的活跃老年人认为他们的家更能满足日常生活的需要，并提高了 RS。
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