Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
J Therm Biol. 2021 Aug;100:103029. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103029. Epub 2021 Jun 18.
Thermoregulation is crucial for human survival at various ambient temperatures. Transient receptor potential (TRP) and TWIK-related K (TREK) channels expressed in sensory neurons play a role in peripheral thermosensitivity for temperature detection. In addition, these channels have various physiological roles in the skeletal, nervous, immune, vascular, digestive, and urinary systems. In women, the female hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), which fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, affect various physiological functions, such as thermoregulation in hot and cold environments. The present review describes the effect of female hormones on TRP and TREK channels and related physiological functions. The P4 decreased thermosensitivity via TRPV1. E2 facilitates temporomandibular joint disease (TRPV1), breast cancer (TRPM8), and calcium absorption in the digestive system (TRPV5 and TRPV6), inhibits the facilitation of vasoconstriction (TRPM3), nerve inflammation (TRPM4), sweetness sensitivity (TRPM5), and menstrual disorders (TRPC1), and prevents insulin resistance (TRPC5) via each channel. P4 inhibits vasoconstriction (TRPM3), sweetness sensitivity (TRPM5), ciliary motility in the lungs (TRPV4), menstrual disorder (TRPC1), and immunity (TRPC3), and facilitates breast cancer (TRPV6) via each channel as indicated. The effects of female hormones on TREK channels and physiological functions are still under investigation. In summary, female hormones influence physiological functions via some TRP channels; however, the literature is not comprehensive and future studies are needed, especially those related to thermoregulation in women.
体温调节对于人类在各种环境温度下的生存至关重要。感觉神经元中表达的瞬时受体电位 (TRP) 和 TWIK 相关 K (TREK) 通道在温度检测的外周温度敏感性中发挥作用。此外，这些通道在骨骼、神经、免疫、血管、消化和泌尿系统中具有各种生理作用。在女性中，雌激素（E2）和孕激素（P4）等女性激素在月经周期中波动，影响各种生理功能，如在热环境和冷环境中的体温调节。本综述描述了女性激素对 TRP 和 TREK 通道及相关生理功能的影响。P4 通过 TRPV1 降低了热敏性。E2 促进了颞下颌关节疾病（TRPV1）、乳腺癌（TRPM8）和消化系统中的钙吸收（TRPV5 和 TRPV6），抑制了血管收缩的促进作用（TRPM3）、神经炎症（TRPM4）、甜味敏感性（TRPM5）和月经失调（TRPC1），并通过每个通道预防胰岛素抵抗（TRPC5）。P4 通过每个通道抑制血管收缩（TRPM3）、甜味敏感性（TRPM5）、肺部纤毛运动（TRPV4）、月经失调（TRPC1）和免疫（TRPC3），并促进乳腺癌（TRPV6）。女性激素对 TREK 通道和生理功能的影响仍在研究中。总之，女性激素通过一些 TRP 通道影响生理功能；然而，文献并不全面，需要进一步研究，特别是与女性体温调节相关的研究。
