Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute (Drs Rogers and Vivier), and Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School (Dr Vivier), Brown University (Ms Vasil), Providence, Rhode Island; Departments of Behavioral and Social Sciences (Dr Rogers) and Health Services, Policy and Practice (Dr Vivier), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island; and Center for Healthy Homes & Environment, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island (Ms Singleton).
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2022;28(2):E603-E609. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001437.
This research aims to take an in-depth look into the child, housing, and neighborhood characteristics associated with Providence children's likelihood of having elevated blood lead levels (BLLs).
The 2019 Providence, Rhode Island, Property Tax Assessor's database, containing each property owner's address, was geocoded and spatially joined with the 2017-2019 blood lead tests for children aged 0 to 6 years from the Rhode Island Department of Health.
The prevalence of elevated BLLs (≥5 μg/dL) overall, as well as by property type, number of properties owned, owner occupancy, assessed value, and neighborhood rates of old housing and poverty, was computed. We assessed the relationship between having elevated BLLs and these housing and neighborhood characteristics, adjusting for gender, age at test, and test method.
We found that, compared with children living in properties with landlords who owned only one property, children living in properties with landlords who owned 4 or more properties had lower odds of having elevated BLLs (odds ratio = 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-0.99). The proportion of houses built pre-1950 in the neighborhood was associated with increased odds of elevated BLLs. There was no significant association between owner-occupancy status and property type with children having elevated BLLs.
Children living in properties with landlords who owned 4 or more properties were less likely to have elevated BLLs. This association may suggest that the current lead legislation is having some impact, but public health efforts should address lead exposure in properties that are currently exempt from the law.
本研究旨在深入探讨与普罗维登斯儿童血铅水平（BLL）升高相关的儿童、住房和邻里特征。
2019 年普罗维登斯，罗得岛，房地产税评估员数据库，包含每个房主的地址，经过地理编码并与 2017-2019 年罗得岛卫生局对 0 至 6 岁儿童的血铅检测进行空间连接。
总体上以及按物业类型、拥有物业数量、业主自住、评估价值以及老旧住房和贫困率较高的邻里比率计算出 BLL 升高（≥5μg/dL）的患病率。我们评估了 BLL 升高与这些住房和邻里特征之间的关系，并调整了性别、检测时的年龄和检测方法。
我们发现，与居住在拥有一个以上物业的房东的物业中的儿童相比，居住在拥有四个或更多物业的房东的物业中的儿童 BLL 升高的几率较低（比值比=0.98；95%置信区间，0.97-0.99）。邻里中建于 1950 年以前的房屋比例与 BLL 升高的几率增加有关。业主自住状态和物业类型与儿童 BLL 升高之间没有显著关联。
居住在拥有四个或更多物业的房东的物业中的儿童 BLL 升高的可能性较低。这种关联可能表明现行的铅法正在产生一定的影响，但公共卫生工作应该解决目前不受法律约束的物业中的铅暴露问题。
