Yue Caizhen, Long Yihong, Yang Zhiwen, Xiao Qianguo, Pan Weigang
College of National Culture and Cognitive Science, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China.
Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 26;12:687482. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687482. eCollection 2021.
Reflected appraisals refer to the perceptions of individuals of how they are perceived by others. Numerous studies in cultural psychology have revealed that individuals in the Eastern collectivist culture show an interdependent self-construal, which depends much on the social culture. Hence, the research on reflected appraisals in the Eastern culture can improve the understanding of how the social environment shapes the self-perception of an individual. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships among self-appraisals, reflected appraisals, and actual appraisals of peers of the Big Five personality for Chinese late adolescents. Participants were divided into 16 groups, with two to four people of each group who were familiar with each other. Each participant was told to fill out the questionnaires of reflected appraisals, actual appraisals of peers, and self-appraisals. Through analyzing 164 sets of data, the results showed the following: (a) The scores of reflected appraisals are significantly lower than that of the actual appraisals of peers. (b) The relationships among the reflected appraisals, actual appraisals of peers, and self-appraisals are distinct on different personalities. For extroversion, there are significant medium- to high-degree relationships among the three types of appraisals; while for the agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness, self-appraisals are highly correlated with reflected appraisals, and reflected appraisals show a low-degree correlation with the actual appraisals of peers. (c) Reflected appraisals play a mediating role between actual appraisals of peers and self-appraisals. Our study suggests that individuals in Chinese culture generally underestimate how their peers perceive them. Furthermore, actual appraisals of peers affect the self-concepts of individuals through reflected appraisals. This study revealed the unique personality feature of self-modesty under the background of Chinese culture and the importance of peers on the development of self-concepts for Chinese late adolescents. This study can shed new light on the understanding of the development of self-concepts for late adolescents under different cultural backgrounds.
镜像评价是指个体对他人如何看待自己的认知。文化心理学中的众多研究表明，东方集体主义文化中的个体表现出相互依存的自我建构，这在很大程度上依赖于社会文化。因此，对东方文化中镜像评价的研究有助于增进我们对社会环境如何塑造个体自我认知的理解。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨中国青少年晚期大五人格的自我评价、镜像评价和同伴实际评价之间的关系。参与者被分成16组，每组两到四人，且成员彼此熟悉。每位参与者都被要求填写镜像评价问卷、同伴实际评价问卷和自我评价问卷。通过对164组数据的分析，结果如下：（a）镜像评价得分显著低于同伴实际评价得分。（b）镜像评价、同伴实际评价和自我评价之间的关系在不同人格特质上有所不同。对于外向性，这三种评价之间存在显著的中高度相关；而对于宜人性、尽责性、情绪稳定性和开放性，自我评价与镜像评价高度相关，且镜像评价与同伴实际评价呈低度相关。（c）镜像评价在同伴实际评价和自我评价之间起中介作用。我们的研究表明，中国文化中的个体普遍低估了同伴对自己的看法。此外，同伴实际评价通过镜像评价影响个体的自我概念。本研究揭示了中国文化背景下自我谦逊这一独特的人格特征，以及同伴对中国青少年晚期自我概念发展的重要性。该研究为理解不同文化背景下青少年晚期自我概念的发展提供了新的视角。
