Sánchez-Sevilla José F, Botella Miguel A, Valpuesta Victoriano, Sanchez-Vera Victoria
Unidad Asociada al CSIC de I+D+i Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro IFAPA Málaga, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain.
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Aug 27;12:688481. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688481. eCollection 2021.
Autophagy is a catabolic and recycling pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis under normal growth and stress conditions. Two major types of autophagy, microautophagy and macroautophagy, have been described in plants. During macroautophagy, cellular content is engulfed by a double-membrane vesicle called autophagosome. This vesicle fuses its outer membrane with the tonoplast and releases the content into the vacuole for degradation. During certain developmental processes, autophagy is enhanced by induction of several autophagy-related genes ( genes). Autophagy in crop development has been studied in relation to leaf senescence, seed and reproductive development, and vascular formation. However, its role in fruit ripening has only been partially addressed. Strawberry is an important berry crop, representative of non-climacteric fruit. We have analyzed the occurrence of autophagy in developing and ripening fruits of the cultivated strawberry. Our data show that most genes are conserved in the genome of the cultivated strawberry and they are differentially expressed along the ripening of the fruit receptacle. ATG8-lipidation analysis proves the presence of two autophagic waves during ripening. In addition, we have confirmed the presence of autophagy at the cellular level by the identification of autophagy-related structures at different stages of the strawberry ripening. Finally, we show that blocking autophagy either biochemically or genetically dramatically affects strawberry growth and ripening. Our data support that autophagy is an active and essential process with different implications during strawberry fruit ripening.
自噬是一种分解代谢和循环利用途径，在正常生长和应激条件下维持细胞内稳态。植物中已描述了两种主要的自噬类型，即微自噬和巨自噬。在巨自噬过程中，细胞内容物被称为自噬体的双膜囊泡吞噬。该囊泡将其外膜与液泡膜融合，并将内容物释放到液泡中进行降解。在某些发育过程中，通过诱导几个自噬相关基因可增强自噬。已针对叶片衰老、种子和生殖发育以及维管形成研究了作物发育中的自噬。然而，其在果实成熟中的作用仅得到了部分探讨。草莓是一种重要的浆果作物，是非跃变型果实的代表。我们分析了栽培草莓发育和成熟果实中自噬的发生情况。我们的数据表明，大多数自噬相关基因在栽培草莓基因组中是保守的，并且它们在果实花托成熟过程中差异表达。ATG8脂化分析证明成熟过程中存在两个自噬波。此外，我们通过鉴定草莓成熟不同阶段的自噬相关结构，在细胞水平上证实了自噬的存在。最后，我们表明，通过生化或遗传手段阻断自噬会显著影响草莓的生长和成熟。我们的数据支持自噬是草莓果实成熟过程中一个活跃且必不可少的过程，具有不同的影响。
