Upadhyay Rakesh K, Motyka Vaclav, Pokorna Eva, Dobrev Petre I, Lacek Jozef, Shao Jonathan, Lewers Kim S, Mattoo Autar K
Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA.
Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2023 Mar;196:186-196. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.031. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
The non-climacteric octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) was used as a model to study its regulation during fruit ripening. High performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was employed to profile 28 different endogenous phytohormones in strawberry. These include auxins, cytokinins (CKs), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), jasmonates, and phenolic compounds salicylic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BzA) and phenylacetic acid (PAA) together with their various metabolic forms that have remained largely unexplored thus far. ABA, ACC and CK N-(Δ-isopentenyl)adenine (iP) were found to be associated with ripening while ABA catabolites 9-hydroxy-ABA and phaseic acid mimicked the pattern of climacteric decline at the turning phase of strawberry ripening. The content of other CK forms except iP decreased as fruit ripened, as also that of auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and oxo-IAA, and of jasmonates. Data presented here also suggest that both the transition and progression of strawberry fruit ripening are associated with N-(Δ-isopentenyl)adenosine-5'-monophosphate (iPRMP) → N-(Δ-isopentenyl)adenosine (iPR) → iP as the preferred CK metabolic pathway. In contrast, the ethylene precursor ACC was present at higher levels, with its abundance increasing from the onset of ripening to the red ripe stage. Further investigation of ripening-specific ACC accumulation revealed the presence of a large ACC synthase (ACS) encoding gene family in octoploid strawberry that was previously unknown. Seventeen ACS genes were found differentially expressed in fruit tissues, while six of them showed induced expression during strawberry fruit ripening. These data suggest a possible role(s) of ACC, ABA, and iP in strawberry fruit ripening. These data add new dimension to the existing knowledge of the interplay of different endogenous phytohormones in octoploid strawberry, paving the way for further investigation of their individual role(s) in fruit ripening.
非更年性八倍体草莓（凤梨草莓，学名Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier）被用作研究果实成熟过程中激素调控的模型。采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱联用技术（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS）对草莓中28种不同的内源植物激素进行了分析。这些激素包括生长素、细胞分裂素（CKs）、脱落酸（ABA）、乙烯前体1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）、茉莉酸类物质，以及酚类化合物水杨酸（SA）、苯甲酸（BzA）和苯乙酸（PAA），还有它们目前在很大程度上尚未被研究的各种代谢形式。研究发现，ABA、ACC和细胞分裂素N-（Δ-异戊烯基）腺嘌呤（iP）与果实成熟相关，而ABA的分解代谢产物9-羟基-ABA和阶段酸在草莓成熟的转折期呈现出更年性下降的模式。除iP外，其他细胞分裂素形式的含量随着果实成熟而降低；生长素吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）和氧代-IAA以及茉莉酸类物质的含量也随果实成熟而降低。本文的数据还表明，草莓果实成熟的转变和进程与N-（Δ-异戊烯基）腺苷-5'-单磷酸（iPRMP）→N-（Δ-异戊烯基）腺苷（iPR）→iP这一优先的细胞分裂素代谢途径相关。相比之下，乙烯前体ACC的含量较高，其丰度从成熟开始到完全成熟阶段不断增加。对成熟特异性ACC积累的进一步研究发现，八倍体草莓中存在一个此前未知的大型ACC合成酶（ACS）编码基因家族。在果实组织中发现有17个ACS基因差异表达，其中6个在草莓果实成熟过程中表现出诱导表达。这些数据表明ACC、ABA和iP在草莓果实成熟过程中可能发挥作用。这些数据为八倍体草莓中不同内源植物激素相互作用的现有知识增添了新内容，为进一步研究它们在果实成熟中的各自作用铺平了道路。
