School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
J Gambl Stud. 2022 Sep;38(3):967-991. doi: 10.1007/s10899-021-10070-x. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
Internet delivered interventions are accessible and easy to access and can be used to deliver brief interventions. These interventions can be tailored according to individual need for the prevention and minimisation of gambling harm or early intervention for those that are displaying some signs of problems. The objective of this review was to summarise the existing literature on the effectiveness of prevention, harm reduction and early intervention programs when delivered online. A systematic review was conducted for peer-reviewed studies that evaluated internet delivered interventions for the prevention, harm reduction or early intervention for gambling problems. Four electronic databases were consulted in the past 20 years (2000-2020) resulting in a total of 15 included studies. Across identified studies just one study provided prevention with 7 harm reduction and 7 early interventions. The quality of the literature was variable with just 8 randomised controlled trials with the remainder matched controls or longitudinal cohort studies. The target group was predominantly gamblers accessing betting and casino websites (n = 8). Studies administered four types of interventions which included personalised and normative feedback, limit setting, self-directed cognitive and behavioural therapy and self-exclusion. These were delivered via customer gaming accounts, email, and self-learning packages. The available literature shows promise in the effectiveness of internet delivered interventions. However, the limited number of studies included in this review highlight significant lost opportunities to leverage technology in the prevention and reduction of gambling harm.
互联网干预措施易于获取，可以用于提供简短的干预措施。这些干预措施可以根据个人的需求进行定制，以预防和减轻赌博危害，或对出现一些问题迹象的人进行早期干预。本综述的目的是总结现有关于在线提供的预防、减少伤害和早期干预计划的有效性的文献。对评估互联网提供的预防、减少伤害或早期干预赌博问题的干预措施的同行评审研究进行了系统回顾。在过去 20 年（2000-2020 年）中，四个电子数据库共检索到 15 项纳入研究。在确定的研究中，只有一项研究提供了预防措施，7 项减少伤害措施和 7 项早期干预措施。文献质量参差不齐，仅有 8 项随机对照试验，其余为匹配对照或纵向队列研究。目标群体主要是访问博彩和赌场网站的赌徒（n = 8）。研究实施了四种干预措施，包括个性化和规范反馈、设置限制、自我指导的认知和行为疗法以及自我排除。这些干预措施通过客户游戏账户、电子邮件和自学包提供。现有文献表明，互联网干预措施具有有效性。然而，本综述中纳入的研究数量有限，这突显了在利用技术预防和减少赌博危害方面存在重大错失机会。
