Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
INSERM, SPHERE U1246 «Biostatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human Science Research», Nantes University, Tours University, Nantes, France.
J Gambl Stud. 2019 Jun;35(2):601-615. doi: 10.1007/s10899-018-9782-y.
To prevent risks associated with online gambling, many jurisdictions propose self-exclusion strategies as a part of a responsible gambling policy. To protect online gamblers, French law provides for a 7-day temporary non-reducible and voluntary self-exclusion measure that applies only to select websites. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this self-exclusion measure for at-risk online gamblers. It was an experimental randomized controlled trial targeted at risk prevention. The main outcomes were the money wagered and time spent gambling assessed 15 days (short-term) and 2 months (medium-term) after the implementation of the self-exclusion measure. The effectiveness of self-exclusion was also compared according to the gambling type (pure chance games, such as lottery or scratch tickets, skill and chance bank games such as sports betting or horserace betting, and skill and chance games such as poker). Sixty participants were randomly assigned to the experimental condition (n = 30; with the implementation of a self-exclusion measure) or control condition (n = 30). The randomization was stratified according to their favorite game [pure chance games (n = 20), skill and chance bank games (n = 20), and skill and chance social games (n = 20)]. The results revealed that self-exclusion had no short-term impact-but did have a medium-term impact-on gambling habits. After 2 months, the gambling-related cognitions ("illusion of control" and "the perceived inability to stop gambling") and the subscale "desire" of the Gambling Craving Scale (GACS) have decreased. Participants' opinions about the impact and effectiveness of self-exclusion were discussed. To conclude, it appeared that temporary self-exclusion is an interesting tool to protect online gamblers from excessive practices, but several modifications have to be made to improve its effectiveness and use.
为了防范与线上赌博相关的风险，许多司法管辖区提出自我排除策略，将其作为负责任赌博政策的一部分。为了保护线上赌客，法国法律规定了一项为期 7 天的不可减少的、自愿性的临时自我排除措施，仅适用于特定网站。本研究的目的是评估这种自我排除措施对有风险的线上赌客的有效性。这是一项针对风险预防的实验性随机对照试验。主要结果是在实施自我排除措施后 15 天（短期）和 2 个月（中期）评估的下注金额和赌博时间。还根据赌博类型（纯机会游戏，如彩票或刮刮卡，技能和机会银行游戏，如体育投注或赛马投注，以及技能和机会游戏，如扑克）比较了自我排除的效果。共有 60 名参与者被随机分配到实验组（n=30；实施自我排除措施）或对照组（n=30）。随机分组根据他们最喜欢的游戏进行分层[纯机会游戏（n=20）、技能和机会银行游戏（n=20）和技能和机会社交游戏（n=20）]。结果表明，自我排除在短期内没有影响，但在中期对赌博习惯有影响。2 个月后，赌博相关认知（“控制错觉”和“认为无法停止赌博”）和赌博渴望量表（GACS）的“欲望”分量表下降。参与者对自我排除的影响和有效性的意见进行了讨论。总之，临时自我排除似乎是保护线上赌客免受过度行为的有效工具，但需要进行一些修改以提高其有效性和使用效果。
