Mills Shaylee, Emmerton Lynne, Sim Tin Fei
BPharm. Curtin Medical School. Perth, WA (Australia).
PhD, Professor. Curtin Medical School. Perth, WA (Australia).
Pharm Pract (Granada). 2021 Jul-Sep;19(3):2427. doi: 10.18549/PharmPract.2021.3.2427. Epub 2021 Aug 28.
Persistent and emerging public health challenges mean Pharmacy students require training in immunization services. Curtin University, Australia, integrated blended-delivery immunization training into the final-year Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) and graduate-entry Master of Pharmacy curricula in 2019 and 2020, utilizing materials licenced from the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
This study evaluated changes in students' attitude, confidence, self-perceived knowledge and self-perceived skills pre- and post-training delivered in 2020.
Pre- and post-training questionnaires featured 42 opinion statements grouped under headings 'Attitudes', 'Confidence', 'Self-Perceived Knowledge' and 'Self-Perceived Skills', and answered using five-point Likert scales (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Completed pre- and post-training questionnaires were matched using respondent-generated codes. Data were subjected to descriptive and multivariate regression analysis to test pre-post changes and associations and changes in mean scores.
128 (95.5%) and 132 (98.5%) students completed the pre- and post-training questionnaires, respectively. Immunization training resulted in significant (p<0.05) improvement in students' mean Confidence score (3.33 vs 3.96), Self-Perceived Knowledge score (3.08 vs 4.47) and Self-Perceived Skills score (2.81 vs 4.55). Improvement in students' mean Attitude score was also statistically significant (4.45 vs 4.61), yet more positively skewed pre-training. No significant pre-post differences were found between the Bachelor and Master students. Post-training, all respondents agreed that the training program increased their attitude, confidence, perceived knowledge and perceived skills, rating the training experience as either Excellent (91.6%) or Good (8.4%).
Immunization training integrated into final-year BPharm (Hons) and MPharm curricula improved Attitudes, Confidence, Self-Perceived Knowledge and Self-Perceived Skills, all key to further role development in public health. This method is recommended to other Pharmacy schools to determine the impact and acceptability of immunization training programs amongst students.
持续存在且新出现的公共卫生挑战意味着药学专业学生需要接受免疫接种服务方面的培训。澳大利亚科廷大学在2019年和2020年将混合式免疫接种培训纳入药学学士（荣誉）最后一年课程以及药学硕士研究生入学课程，使用了从澳大利亚药学会获得许可的材料。
本研究评估了2020年培训前后学生在态度、信心、自我认知知识和自我认知技能方面的变化。
培训前后的问卷包含42条意见陈述，分为“态度”“信心”“自我认知知识”和“自我认知技能”几个标题下，并使用五点李克特量表作答（1 = 强烈不同意至5 = 强烈同意）。使用受访者生成的代码对培训前后填写完整的问卷进行匹配。对数据进行描述性和多元回归分析，以测试前后变化、关联以及平均分的变化。
分别有128名（95.5%）和132名（98.5%）学生完成了培训前和培训后的问卷。免疫接种培训使学生的平均信心得分（3.33对3.96）、自我认知知识得分（3.08对4.47）和自我认知技能得分（2.81对4.55）有显著（p<0.05）提高。学生平均态度得分的提高在统计学上也具有显著性（4.45对4.61），但培训前的得分分布更偏向积极。本科和硕士学生之间在培训前后未发现显著差异。培训后，所有受访者都认为培训项目提高了他们的态度、信心、认知知识和认知技能，将培训体验评为“优秀”（91.6%）或“良好”（8.4%）。
纳入药学学士（荣誉）最后一年课程和药学硕士课程的免疫接种培训改善了态度、信心、自我认知知识和自我认知技能，这些都是在公共卫生领域进一步发展角色的关键。建议其他药学院校采用这种方法来确定免疫接种培训项目对学生的影响和可接受性。
