Chalwe Joseph M, Mukherjee Upasana, Grobler Christa, Mbambara Saidon H, Oldewage-Theron Wilna
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America.
Health SA. 2021 Aug 13;26:1496. doi: 10.4102/hsag.v26i0.1496. eCollection 2021.
Amongst the cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors, hypertension (HT) and obesity appear to be prominent in post-menopausal women. The underlying mechanisms of HT development in menopause are not fully understood.
To determine the association between HT, obesity and dietary intakes in post-menopausal women from rural Zambia.
This study was conducted in Twatasha Compound of Kitwe and Ndeke Community of Ndola.
Blood pressure (BP), weight, height and dietary intakes (24-h recall) were measured in 153 women (> 50 years) from households. The South African Hypertension Society (SAHS), the World Health Organization (WHO) and estimated average requirements (EARs) guidelines were followed for HT, obesity and dietary intake definitions, respectively. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for descriptive and inferential statistical analyses.
Prevalence of HT was 70%, whilst 37.25% and 28.10% of the participants were overweight and obese, respectively. The median interquartile range (IQR) dietary intakes showed inadequate intakes for most nutrients, except for carbohydrates (170 g [133; 225]). The total fat intake represented 14% of total energy intake. All median fatty acid intakes and sodium intakes (409 mg [169; 662]) were below the recommended levels. Only body mass index (BMI) correlated with HT ( = 0.268; = 0.001).
Despite low dietary intakes, an alarming prevalence of HT and obesity was found in our population. Hormonal changes, a high energy-dense diet and poor treatment adherence, may be possible underlying factors. We recommend measures to better manage HT as a CVR factor.
This article supplements evidence on the prevalence of obesity-related hypertension in post-menopausal women and the link to dietary intake.
在心血管风险（CVR）因素中，高血压（HT）和肥胖在绝经后女性中似乎较为突出。绝经后高血压发生的潜在机制尚未完全明确。
确定赞比亚农村绝经后女性中高血压、肥胖与饮食摄入之间的关联。
本研究在基特韦的特瓦塔沙社区和恩多拉的恩德克社区进行。
对来自家庭的153名年龄大于50岁的女性测量血压（BP）、体重、身高和饮食摄入量（24小时回顾法）。分别遵循南非高血压协会（SAHS）、世界卫生组织（WHO）以及估计平均需求量（EARs）指南对高血压、肥胖和饮食摄入进行定义。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）26版进行描述性和推断性统计分析。
高血压患病率为70%，而分别有37.25%和28.10%的参与者超重和肥胖。除碳水化合物（170克[133；225]）外，大多数营养素的四分位间距（IQR）饮食摄入量中位数显示摄入不足。总脂肪摄入量占总能量摄入量的14%。所有脂肪酸摄入量中位数和钠摄入量（409毫克[169；662]）均低于推荐水平。只有体重指数（BMI）与高血压相关（= 0.268；= 0.001）。
尽管饮食摄入量较低，但我们研究人群中高血压和肥胖的患病率令人担忧。激素变化、高能量密度饮食和治疗依从性差可能是潜在因素。我们建议采取措施更好地管理作为心血管风险因素的高血压。
本文补充了绝经后女性肥胖相关高血压患病率及其与饮食摄入之间联系的证据。
