Le Quoc-Viet, Lee Jaiwoo, Lee Hobin, Shim Gayong, Oh Yu-Kyoung
College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Aug;11(8):2096-2113. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.020. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Cell membranes have recently emerged as a new source of materials for molecular delivery systems. Cell membranes have been extruded or sonicated to make nanoscale vesicles. Unlike synthetic lipid or polymeric nanoparticles, cell membrane-derived vesicles have a unique multicomponent feature, comprising lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Because cell membrane-derived vesicles contain the intrinsic functionalities and signaling networks of their parent cells, they can overcome various obstacles encountered . Moreover, the different natural combinations of membranes from various cell sources expand the range of cell membrane-derived vesicles, creating an entirely new category of drug-delivery systems. Cell membrane-derived vesicles can carry therapeutic agents within their interior or can coat the surfaces of drug-loaded core nanoparticles. Cell membranes typically come from single cell sources, including red blood cells, platelets, immune cells, stem cells, and cancer cells. However, recent studies have reported hybrid sources from two different types of cells. This review will summarize approaches for manufacturing cell membrane-derived vesicles and treatment applications of various types of cell membrane-derived drug-delivery systems, and discuss challenges and future directions.
细胞膜最近已成为分子递送系统材料的新来源。细胞膜已被挤压或超声处理以制成纳米级囊泡。与合成脂质或聚合物纳米颗粒不同，源自细胞膜的囊泡具有独特的多组分特征，包括脂质、蛋白质和碳水化合物。由于源自细胞膜的囊泡包含其亲本细胞的固有功能和信号网络，它们可以克服遇到的各种障碍。此外，来自各种细胞来源的膜的不同天然组合扩展了源自细胞膜的囊泡的范围，创造了一种全新的药物递送系统类别。源自细胞膜的囊泡可以在其内部携带治疗剂，也可以包被载药核心纳米颗粒的表面。细胞膜通常来自单一细胞来源，包括红细胞、血小板、免疫细胞、干细胞和癌细胞。然而，最近的研究报道了来自两种不同类型细胞的混合来源。本综述将总结制造源自细胞膜的囊泡的方法以及各种类型的源自细胞膜的药物递送系统的治疗应用，并讨论挑战和未来方向。
