Department of Public Health, Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Florianopolis (SC), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2021 Sep 10;24:e210041. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720210041. eCollection 2021.
To investigate the relation between COVID-19 vaccine coverage and COVID-19-related mortality by age groups in Brazil in 2021.
Secondary data on COVID-19 deaths and vaccination coverage were retrieved to investigate COVID-19 mortality rate (MR) evolution as the vaccination against COVID-19 advanced in Brazil in 2021. Poisson regression with adjustment for age and Brazilian states was used to calculate the MR.
By mid-April 2021, MR increased 2 - 3 times compared with the already high level in January for people aged 60 years or older, reaching the highest epidemic level of 5 - 15 per 100,000 inhabitants in this age group. Despite the following decline trend, by the end of May, the MR level was still about 50% and 80% higher for the age groups of 40 - 79 years and 80 years or older. The coverage concerning the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine reached 80% for people aged 60 - 69 years and exceeded 95% for those aged 70 years or older, but the second dose was only given to 26, 76 and 64% of the age groups of 60 - 69, 70 - 79, and 80 years or older, respectively. The age-standardized average MR over the study period was the highest in northern Brazilian states of Rondônia, Amazonas, Acre, and Roraima (range 6-8.4 per 100,000 inhabitants).
COVID-19 vaccination coverage was below the level necessary to protect Brazilians from rising MR between January and May 2021. Urgent measures are necessary to increase the vaccine supply and the adherence to non-pharmacological protective measures.
研究 2021 年巴西按年龄组划分的 COVID-19 疫苗覆盖率与 COVID-19 相关死亡率之间的关系。
检索 COVID-19 死亡和疫苗接种数据，调查 2021 年巴西 COVID-19 疫苗接种进展情况下 COVID-19 死亡率（MR）的变化。采用泊松回归法，根据年龄和巴西各州进行调整，计算死亡率。
截至 2021 年 4 月中旬，60 岁及以上人群的 MR 与 1 月的高水平相比增加了 2-3 倍，达到该年龄段每 10 万人中有 5-15 例的最高流行水平。尽管随后呈下降趋势，但截至 5 月底，40-79 岁和 80 岁及以上人群的 MR 水平仍分别高出 50%和 80%。60-69 岁人群的第一剂 COVID-19 疫苗接种覆盖率达到 80%，70 岁及以上人群的覆盖率超过 95%，但 60-69 岁、70-79 岁和 80 岁及以上人群的第二剂接种率分别仅为 26%、76%和 64%。研究期间，年龄标准化平均 MR 最高的是巴西北部的朗多尼亚州、亚马孙州、阿克里州和罗赖马州（6-8.4/10 万居民）。
2021 年 1 月至 5 月期间，COVID-19 疫苗接种覆盖率低于保护巴西人免受死亡率上升的水平。需要采取紧急措施增加疫苗供应并提高非药物保护措施的依从性。
