UOC Infectious diseases Tor Vergata Polyclinic, University Hospital Viale, Rome, Italy.
Hygiene Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Nov 2;17(11):4265-4282. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1971473. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Vaccination prevents 2-3 million deaths worldwide every year. Nevertheless, vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) still cause a considerable number of deaths especially in subjects belonging to "risk groups." These are represented by older adults, immunocompromised individuals and all subjects with underlying chronic medical conditions (cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal and liver chronic diseases, diabetes, immunodeficiency disorders). They have a weaker immune system and, if infected, are more likely to develop severe complications of their condition or of the preventable-infectious disease. This document summarizes the recommendations for vaccination of the main Global Institutional Organizations and analyses the risks of comorbidities associated with infectious disease and the benefits of vaccination for each specific group. The document provides a clear, practical and authoritative guide to adult vaccination.
疫苗接种每年在全球预防 200 万至 300 万人死亡。尽管如此，疫苗可预防疾病（VPD）仍导致相当数量的死亡，特别是在属于“风险群体”的人群中。这些人包括老年人、免疫功能低下者以及所有患有基础慢性医学疾病（心血管、肺部、肾脏和肝脏慢性疾病、糖尿病、免疫缺陷疾病）的人群。他们的免疫系统较弱，如果感染，更有可能出现病情或可预防传染病的严重并发症。本文总结了主要全球机构组织的疫苗接种建议，并分析了与传染病相关的合并症风险和疫苗接种对每个特定群体的益处。本文为成人疫苗接种提供了清晰、实用和权威的指南。
