AFIN Research Group and Outreach Centre, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Mother-Infant Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain.
J Clin Nurs. 2022 Aug;31(15-16):2154-2166. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16031. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Explore nurses' experiences and perception of risk regarding the use of personal protective equipment during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain.
The contribution of our study is to use qualitative methods to understand nurses' experiences and perceptions of the risk of the contagion linked to the shortage of PPE during the first wave of the pandemic, whose explosive start strained health systems around the globe.
Qualitative descriptive design according to the Rapid Research Evaluation and Appraisal model.
Semi-structured videoconference interviews were conducted to explore the experiences of 29 nurses including staff nurses, nursing supervisors and nursing directors from hospital and community services of the Spanish health system. Interviews lasted 30-45 min and were conducted in May 2020. We carried out a thematic analysis using Dedoose. The COREQ checklist was used to report findings.
We identified the following themes and subthemes: 1. Experiences with personal protective equipment: scarcity, inequality, reutilization, self-protection, delegation of responsibility, and gap between protocols and reality; 2. Perception of the risk of contagion: lack of credibility, lack of trust, lack of support, and meeting subjective needs.
The scarcity of personal protective equipment and inequality in its distribution led nurses to take initiatives to feel more protected. Mid-ranking supervisors were caught between the responsibility of monitoring and rationing personal protective equipment and providing the necessary protection to nurses. The disjuncture between protocols and the available supply of personal protective equipment caused confusion. Lack of credibility, lack of trust and lack of support from management influenced participants' perception of the risk of contagion. Mid-ranking supervisors were often responsible for trying to alleviate fear among nursing staff.
Understanding the factors involved in risk perception can be helpful to decision-makers who help protect nurses in clinical practice. These results can help administrators and policymakers because they point to the need for nurses to feel that their departments and centers look after their safety at work. Transparent communication and emotional support may contribute to their well-being in the face of risk.
探讨西班牙大流行第一波期间护士使用个人防护设备的经验和对风险的认知。
本研究的贡献在于使用定性方法来理解护士在大流行第一波期间对与个人防护设备短缺相关的感染风险的经验和认知，大流行的爆发使全球卫生系统紧张，防护设备短缺。
根据快速研究评估和评价模型的定性描述设计。
对来自西班牙卫生系统医院和社区服务的 29 名护士（包括一线护士、护理主管和护理主任）进行半结构式视频会议访谈，以探讨他们的经验。访谈持续 30-45 分钟，于 2020 年 5 月进行。我们使用 Dedoose 进行主题分析。使用 COREQ 清单报告结果。
我们确定了以下主题和子主题：1. 个人防护设备的使用经验：短缺、不平等、再利用、自我保护、责任下放和协议与现实之间的差距；2. 对感染风险的认知：缺乏可信度、缺乏信任、缺乏支持和满足主观需求。
个人防护设备的短缺和分配不平等导致护士采取主动措施，以感到更受保护。中层主管处于监督和分配个人防护设备以及为护士提供必要保护的责任之间。协议和可用个人防护设备供应之间的不匹配导致了混乱。管理层缺乏可信度、缺乏信任和缺乏支持，影响了参与者对感染风险的认知。中层主管通常负责试图减轻护理人员的恐惧。
了解风险认知涉及的因素有助于帮助在临床实践中保护护士的决策者。这些结果可以帮助管理人员和政策制定者，因为它们指出需要让护士感到他们的部门和中心在工作中照顾他们的安全。透明的沟通和情感支持可能有助于他们在面临风险时的幸福感。
