Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Institute for Bee Research Hohen Neuendorf, Friedrich-Engels-Strasse 32, 16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany.
J Agric Food Chem. 2021 Sep 29;69(38):11406-11416. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03621. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
According to legislation, unifloral honeys are characterized by their organoleptic, physicochemical, and microscopic properties. Melissopalynology is the established method for identifying the pollen taken up with the floral nectar by forager bees and is used for authentication of the nectar sources in honey. For cornflower honey (), the pollen input does not correlate with the nectar input, because the nectar is produced both in floral and in extrafloral nectaries. The well-known cornflower marker lumichrome has now also been detected in the extrafloral nectar. Therefore, lumichrome is a suitable marker substance for cornflower honey. Four different methods for the sole analysis of lumichrome in honey were validated and compared. Studies over nine years have shown that unifloral cornflower honey should contain approximately 35 mg/kg lumichrome. For a further differentiated cornflower honey specific verification, other nonvolatile compounds like 7-carboxylumichrome and volatiles, such as 3,4-dihydro-3-oxoedulan I and 3,4-dihydro-3-oxoedulan II, should be analyzed. This enables a more specific accuracy for the classification of unifloral cornflower honey.
根据立法规定，单花蜜的特征在于其感官、物理化学和微观特性。花粉粒分析是确定采集蜂用花蜜采集的花粉的既定方法，用于鉴定蜂蜜中的花蜜来源。对于矢车菊花蜜（），花粉的输入与花蜜的输入不相关，因为花蜜不仅在花中产生，而且在额外的蜜腺中产生。现已在额外的花蜜中检测到著名的矢车菊标记物色氨酸。因此，色氨酸是矢车菊花蜜的合适标记物质。验证并比较了四种单独分析蜂蜜中色氨酸的不同方法。九年的研究表明，单花蜜的矢车菊蜂蜜应含有约 35 毫克/千克的色氨酸。为了进一步区分矢车菊蜂蜜的特异性验证，还应分析其他非挥发性化合物，如 7-羧基色氨酸和挥发性化合物，如 3,4-二氢-3-氧代奥杜兰 I 和 3,4-二氢-3-氧代奥杜兰 II。这可以提高单花蜜的分类的特异性准确性。
