MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Sep 17;70(37):1274-1277. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7037a2.
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, also known as "long COVID," is used to describe the long-term symptoms that might be experienced weeks to months after primary infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Among persons with a previous COVID-19 diagnosis, estimates of the prevalence of sequelae range from 5% among nonhospitalized persons to 80% among hospitalized persons (1,2). Studies have analyzed the aftereffects of COVID-19, but few have assessed the demographic characteristics associated with long COVID (3,4). Health disparities resulting from pervasive structural and socioeconomic barriers in the U.S. health care system might contribute to differences in these effects and might continue to exacerbate existing inequities (5). To identify trends in post-acute sequelae, the Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services (LBDHHS) interviewed a random sample of 366 persons aged ≥18 years who received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result during April 1-December 10, 2020. One third of the persons interviewed reported having at least one symptom 2 months after their positive test result, with higher odds of sequelae among persons aged 40-54 years, females, and those with preexisting conditions. Black or African American (Black) participants had higher odds of reporting dyspnea and myalgia/arthralgia compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Persons who were aged ≥40 years, female, Black, or who reported known preexisting conditions also reported higher numbers of distinct sequelae. As the number of recovered COVID-19 patients increases, monitoring the prevalence of post-acute sequelae among larger cohorts in diverse populations will be necessary to understand and manage this condition. Identification of groups disproportionately affected by post-acute COVID-19 sequelae can help develop efforts to prioritize preventions and treatment strategies, including vaccination of groups at higher risk for these long-term sequelae, and access to testing and care for post-acute sequelae.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的后遗症，也被称为“长新冠”，是指在初次感染 SARS-CoV-2 后数周到数月可能出现的长期症状，SARS-CoV-2 是导致 COVID-19 的病毒。在曾经确诊过 COVID-19 的人群中，后遗症的患病率估计在未住院人群中为 5%，在住院人群中为 80%（1，2）。研究已经分析了 COVID-19 的后遗症，但很少有研究评估与长新冠相关的人口统计学特征（3，4）。美国医疗保健系统中普遍存在的结构性和社会经济障碍导致的健康差异可能导致这些影响存在差异，并可能继续加剧现有的不平等现象（5）。为了确定 COVID-19 后出现的后遗症的趋势，长滩卫生与人类服务部（LBDHHS）对 2020 年 4 月 1 日至 12 月 10 日期间收到 SARS-CoV-2 检测阳性结果的 366 名年龄≥18 岁的随机样本进行了访谈。接受采访的人中三分之一在其阳性检测结果后 2 个月至少出现一种症状，40-54 岁、女性和有既往疾病的人出现后遗症的几率更高。与其他种族/族裔群体相比，黑人和非洲裔美国人（黑人）参与者报告呼吸困难和肌痛/关节痛的几率更高。年龄≥40 岁、女性、黑人或报告已知既往疾病的人报告的不同后遗症数量也更高。随着 COVID-19 康复患者人数的增加，有必要在不同人群的更大队列中监测 COVID-19 后出现的后遗症的流行率，以了解和管理这种情况。确定受到 COVID-19 后长期后遗症不成比例影响的群体，有助于制定努力，为这些长期后遗症的高风险群体优先接种疫苗，并为 COVID-19 后出现的后遗症提供检测和护理。
