Aleem Mohd
Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
J Complement Integr Med. 2021 Sep 15;20(1):24-46. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0251. eCollection 2023 Mar 1.
Wild is an evergreen climbing shrub. The plant is of great significance in the traditional Indian System of Medicine, such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. The seeds and their oil are extensively used to treat neurological disorders such as cognitive dysfunction, paralysis, epilepsy, insomnia, and other ailments like rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica, and leprosy. This paper aims to highlight the nootropic activity of and explore its phytochemistry, traditional uses, and other pharmacological activities.
All available information concerning has been searched in the internationally accepted scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional knowledge was gathered from the classical Textbooks and Unani Pharmacopoeia.
is a rich source of several secondary metabolites, such as β-Dihydroagarofuranoids sesquiterpenes, alkaloids (Celastrine, Celapanin, Celapagin, and paniculatin), flavonoids, terpenoid (β-amyrin, Lupeol, Pristimerin), sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, α-tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol), fatty acid (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids) and non-fatty acids (Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid). The various study shows that the extracts and active constituent of this plant possess potent nootropic activity. Besides nootropic activity, it has also been reported for anti-Alzheimer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, gastroprotective, anti-psoriatic, wound healing, antibacterial, antimalarial, and several other properties.
Several and trials confirm the conventional use of in cognitive dysfunction. However, the relations between the possible mechanisms of other activities and traditional uses of the remain indistinct. Still, pharmacological studies also explored the effects of , which were not recognized in ancient times, such as cytotoxic, ACE inhibitor, and antidiabetic activities. These discoveries are may be beneficial in the development of the new drug to treat various diseases. It is also confirmed that the -dihydroagarofuranoids exhibit significant AChE inhibitory, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and insecticidal effects. This versatile medicine is truly a life elixir. Considering the therapeutic importance of the and the absence of any reported clinical studies, extensive clinical trials are needed to explore its memory enhancing and other activities.
野靛青是一种常绿攀缘灌木。该植物在印度传统医学体系如阿育吠陀医学、尤那尼医学和悉达医学中具有重要意义。其种子及其油被广泛用于治疗神经系统疾病，如认知功能障碍、瘫痪、癫痫、失眠，以及其他疾病，如风湿、关节炎、坐骨神经痛和麻风病。本文旨在突出野靛青的促智活性，并探索其植物化学、传统用途和其他药理活性。
在国际公认的科学数据库中搜索了所有关于野靛青的可用信息，包括PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scopus和谷歌学术。从经典教科书和尤那尼药典中收集了更多知识。
野靛青富含多种次生代谢产物，如β-二氢沉香呋喃类倍半萜、生物碱（卫矛碱、卫矛拉宁、卫矛帕金和圆锥花素）、黄酮类化合物、萜类化合物（β-香树脂醇、羽扇豆醇、扁蒴藤素）、甾醇（β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、α-生育酚、γ-生育酚）、脂肪酸（棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸）和非脂肪酸（苯甲酸、肉桂酸）。各种研究表明，该植物的提取物和活性成分具有强大的促智活性。除促智活性外，还报道了其具有抗阿尔茨海默病、抗惊厥、抗抑郁、抗氧化、镇痛、抗炎、抗关节炎、胃保护、抗银屑病、伤口愈合、抗菌、抗疟疾等多种特性。
多项体外和体内试验证实了野靛青在认知功能障碍方面的传统用途。然而，野靛青其他活性的可能机制与传统用途之间的关系仍不明确。尽管如此，药理学研究还探索了野靛青在古代未被认识的作用，如细胞毒性、ACE抑制剂和抗糖尿病活性。这些发现可能有助于开发治疗各种疾病的新药。还证实了二氢沉香呋喃类化合物具有显著的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制、细胞毒性、抗菌和杀虫作用。这种多功能药物确实是一种灵丹妙药。考虑到野靛青的治疗重要性以及尚无任何报道的临床研究，需要进行广泛的临床试验来探索其增强记忆和其他活性。
