Bhat Basharat Ahmad, Almilaibary Abdullah, Mir Rakeeb Ahmad, Aljarallah Badr M, Mir Wajahat R, Ahmad Fuzail, Mir Manzoor Ahmad
Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University Alaqiq, Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia.
Front Neurosci. 2022 May 16;16:884345. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884345. eCollection 2022.
The current scientific community is facing a daunting challenge to unravel reliable natural compounds with realistic potential to treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reported compounds/drugs mostly synthetic deemed the reliability and therapeutic potential largely due to their complexity and off-target issues. The natural products from nutraceutical compounds emerge as viable preventive therapeutics to fill the huge gap in treating neurological disorders. Considering that Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease, natural compounds offer the advantage of a multitarget approach, tagging different molecular sites in the human brain, as compared with the single-target activity of most of the drugs so far used to treat Alzheimer's disease. A wide range of plant extracts and phytochemicals reported to possess the therapeutic potential to Alzheimer's disease includes curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, morin, delphinidins, quercetin, luteolin, oleocanthal, and other phytochemicals such as huperzine A, limonoids, and azaphilones. Reported targets of these natural compounds include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, amyloid senile plaques, oxidation products, inflammatory pathways, specific brain receptors, etc. We tenaciously aimed to review the in-depth potential of natural products and their therapeutic applications against Alzheimer's disease, with a special focus on a diversity of medicinal plants and phytocompounds and their mechanism of action against Alzheimer's disease pathologies. We strongly believe that the medicinal plants and phytoconstituents alone or in combination with other compounds would be effective treatments against Alzheimer's disease with lesser side effects as compared to currently available treatments.
当前，科学界面临着一项艰巨的挑战，即要找出具有切实潜力来治疗诸如阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经疾病的可靠天然化合物。所报道的化合物/药物大多是合成的，因其复杂性和脱靶问题，其可靠性和治疗潜力受到质疑。营养保健品中的天然产物成为可行的预防性治疗手段，以填补治疗神经疾病方面的巨大空白。鉴于阿尔茨海默病是一种多因素疾病，与目前用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的大多数药物的单靶点活性相比，天然化合物具有多靶点作用的优势，能够作用于人类大脑中的不同分子位点。据报道，具有治疗阿尔茨海默病潜力的多种植物提取物和植物化学物质包括姜黄素、白藜芦醇、表没食子儿茶素 - 3 - 没食子酸酯、桑色素、飞燕草素、槲皮素、木犀草素、油橄榄苦素以及其他植物化学物质，如石杉碱甲、柠檬苦素和口山酮类化合物。这些天然化合物的报道靶点包括抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶、淀粉样老年斑、氧化产物、炎症途径、特定脑受体等。我们坚定地致力于综述天然产物针对阿尔茨海默病的深入潜力及其治疗应用，特别关注多种药用植物和植物化合物及其针对阿尔茨海默病病理的作用机制。我们坚信，与目前可用的治疗方法相比，药用植物和植物成分单独使用或与其他化合物联合使用，将是治疗阿尔茨海默病的有效方法，且副作用较小。
