Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States.
Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States.
Addict Behav. 2022 Jan;124:107112. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107112. Epub 2021 Sep 4.
Recruiting racial/ethnic minorities in smoking cessation trials is a priority. This study described lessons learned from recruiting a diverse sample of African American, White, and Hispanic/Latinx smokers in a smoking cessation trial.
We implemented a 42-month recruitment campaign utilizing reactive (e.g., word-of-mouth, newspaper, radio, online ads, flyers, community partnerships) and proactive (e.g., direct invitations) strategies. We included 821 participants in the analysis. We described our recruitment strategies' implementation, their enrollment yield and rate (number enrolled/number screened) by race/ethnicity, and direct cost-per-participant (CPP: total cost/number of enrolled) for paid strategies.
Enrollment yields were higher using reactive strategies than proactive strategies (94.3% vs. 5.7%). The top source of enrollment was word-of-mouth among African Americans (36%) and Whites (44%), and flyers among Hispanics/Latinxs (34%). Proactive recruitment, word-of-mouth, and flyers were more successful among African Americans than other groups. Newspaper and online ads were more successful among Hispanics/Latinxs than other groups (P < .05). Word-of-mouth was cost-free and yielded 23.1% of enrollment. The most economic method among paid strategies was flyer distribution (CPP = $47.6; yield 17.5%), followed by newspaper ($194.7; 23.7%) and online advertisements ($264.6; 24.0%). Radio and television ads were the most expensive and produced the least participant yield ($4,755.6; 0.8%).
Recruiting racially/ethnically diverse samples into smoking cessation clinical trials requires implementing multiple strategies and adjusting these strategies based on their enrollment yield and cost. Word-of-mouth, flyers, and newspaper and online ads were more successful among racial/ethnic minorities. Flyers and newspaper ads were the most economic methods for recruitment.
招募少数族裔参与戒烟试验是当务之急。本研究描述了在一项戒烟试验中招募不同族裔的非裔美国人、白人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔吸烟者的经验教训。
我们实施了一项为期 42 个月的招募活动，利用了被动（例如口碑、报纸、广播、在线广告、传单、社区合作）和主动（例如直接邀请）策略。我们对 821 名参与者进行了分析。我们描述了我们的招募策略的实施情况，以及它们在不同种族/族裔中的招募人数和招募率（招募人数/筛查人数），并列出了有偿策略的每位参与者直接成本（CPP：总成本/招募人数）。
被动策略的招募效果优于主动策略（94.3%对 5.7%）。招募的主要来源是非裔美国人（36%）和白人（44%）的口碑，以及西班牙裔/拉丁裔（34%）的传单。主动招募、口碑和传单在非裔美国人中比其他群体更成功。报纸和在线广告在西班牙裔/拉丁裔中比其他群体更成功（P<.05）。口碑是免费的，产生了 23.1%的招募人数。有偿策略中最经济的方法是分发传单（CPP=47.6 美元；招募率 17.5%），其次是报纸（CPP=194.7 美元；招募率 23.7%）和在线广告（CPP=264.6 美元；招募率 24.0%）。广播和电视广告的成本最高，产生的招募人数最少（CPP=4755.6 美元；招募率 0.8%）。
招募不同种族/族裔的吸烟者参与戒烟临床试验需要实施多种策略，并根据招募效果和成本调整这些策略。口碑、传单、报纸和在线广告在少数族裔中更成功。传单和报纸广告是最经济的招募方法。
