Böwer Franziska, Schnittger Arp
Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Plant Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Genet. 2021 Nov 23;55:427-452. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043553. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
One of the major cell fate transitions in eukaryotes is entry into meiosis. While in single-celled yeast this decision is triggered by nutrient starvation, in multicellular eukaryotes, such as plants, it is under developmental control. In contrast to animals, plants have only a short germline and instruct cells to become meiocytes in reproductive organs late in development. This situation argues for a fundamentally different mechanism of how plants recruit meiocytes, and consistently, none of the regulators known to control meiotic entry in yeast and animals are present in plants. In recent years, several factors involved in meiotic entry have been identified, especially in the model plant , and pieces of a regulatory network of germline control in plants are emerging. However, the corresponding studies also show that the mechanisms of meiotic entry control are diversified in flowering plants, calling for further analyses in different plant species.
真核生物中主要的细胞命运转变之一是进入减数分裂。在单细胞酵母中，这一决定是由营养饥饿触发的，而在多细胞真核生物（如植物）中，它受发育控制。与动物不同，植物只有很短的生殖系，并在发育后期指示生殖器官中的细胞成为减数分裂细胞。这种情况表明植物招募减数分裂细胞的机制存在根本差异，而且，植物中不存在已知控制酵母和动物减数分裂起始的调节因子。近年来，已经鉴定出了一些参与减数分裂起始的因子，特别是在模式植物中，植物生殖系控制的调控网络片段正在浮现。然而，相应的研究也表明，开花植物中减数分裂起始控制机制是多样的，这就需要在不同植物物种中进行进一步分析。
