COVID-19 大流行期间产后女性的心理体验：改良的反复横断面主题分析。
Postpartum women's psychological experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a modified recurrent cross-sectional thematic analysis.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZA, UK.
Department of Women & Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
出版信息
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 Sep 17;21(1):625. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04071-2.
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 has placed additional stressors on mothers during an already vulnerable lifecourse transition. Initial social distancing restrictions (Timepoint 1; T1) and initial changes to those social distancing restrictions (Timepoint 2; T2) have disrupted postpartum access to practical and emotional support. This qualitative study explores the postpartum psychological experiences of UK women during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated 'lockdowns'.
METHODS
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women, approximately 30 days after initial social distancing guidelines were imposed in the UK (22 April 2020). A separate 12 women were interviewed approximately 30 days after the initial easing of social distancing restrictions (10 June 2020). Data were transcribed verbatim, uploaded into NVivo for management and analysis, which followed a recurrent cross-sectional approach to thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Two main themes were identified for T1: 'Motherhood is Much Like Lockdown' and 'A Self-Contained Family Unit'. Each main T1 theme contained two sub-themes. Two main themes were also identified for T2: 'Incongruously Held Views of COVID-19' and 'Mothering Amidst the Pandemic'. Each main T2 theme contained three sub-themes. Comparisons between data gathered at each timepoint identified increased emotional distress over time. Current findings call for the improvement of postpartum care by improving accessibility to social support, and prioritising the re-opening of schools, and face-to-face healthcare appointments and visitation.
CONCLUSION
Social distancing restrictions associated with COVID-19 have had a cumulative, negative effect on postpartum mental health. Recommendations such as: Allowing mothers to 'bubble' with a primary support provider even at their healthcare appointments; allowing one support partner to attend all necessary healthcare appointments; and providing tailored informational resources, may help to support postpartum emotional wellbeing during this, and similar health crises in the future.
背景
COVID-19 在本来就脆弱的生命过渡阶段给母亲带来了额外的压力。最初的社交距离限制（时间点 1；T1）和最初对这些社交距离限制的改变（时间点 2；T2）破坏了产后获得实际和情感支持的机会。这项定性研究探讨了英国女性在 COVID-19 大流行的不同阶段和相关“封锁”期间的产后心理体验。
方法
在英国最初实施社交距离指南后约 30 天（2020 年 4 月 22 日），对 12 名女性进行了半结构化访谈。大约在最初放宽社交距离限制 30 天后（2020 年 6 月 10 日），对另外 12 名女性进行了访谈。数据逐字转录，上传到 NVivo 进行管理和分析，分析采用反复的横断面方法进行主题分析。
结果
T1 确定了两个主要主题：“母亲的生活很像封锁”和“自给自足的家庭单位”。每个 T1 主要主题都包含两个子主题。T2 还确定了两个主要主题：“对 COVID-19 的不一致看法”和“大流行中的育儿”。每个 T2 主要主题都包含三个子主题。每个时间点收集的数据之间的比较表明，随着时间的推移，情绪困扰增加。目前的研究结果呼吁通过改善社会支持的可及性、优先重新开放学校以及面对面的医疗保健预约和探视来改善产后护理。
结论
与 COVID-19 相关的社交距离限制对产后心理健康产生了累积的负面影响。例如，允许母亲在医疗预约时与主要支持提供者“隔离”；允许一名支持伙伴参加所有必要的医疗保健预约；并提供定制的信息资源，这可能有助于在这种情况下以及未来类似的健康危机中支持产后的情绪健康。
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