Raymundo Rubí, Sexton-Bowser Sarah, Ciampitti Ignacio A, Morris Geoffrey P
Department of Soil and Crop Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA.
Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA.
Plant Direct. 2021 Sep 13;5(9):e349. doi: 10.1002/pld3.349. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Many crop species, particularly those of tropical origin, are chilling sensitive, so improved chilling tolerance can enhance production of these crops in temperate regions. For the cereal crop sorghum ( L.), early planting and chilling tolerance have been investigated for >50 years, but the potential value or tradeoffs of this genotype × management change have not been formally evaluated with modeling. To assess the potential of early planted chilling-tolerant grain sorghum in the central US sorghum belt, we conducted CERES-Sorghum simulations and characterized scenarios under which this change would be expected to enhance (or diminish) drought escape, water capture, and yield. We conducted crop growth modeling for full- and short-season hybrids under rainfed systems that were simulated to be planted in very early (April), early (May 15), and normal (June 15) planting dates over 1986-2015 in four locations in Kansas representative of the central US sorghum belt. Simulations indicated that very early planting will generally lead to lower initial soil moisture, longer growing periods, and higher evapotranspiration. Very early planting is expected to extend the growing period by 20% for short- or full-season hybrids, reduce evaporation during fallow periods, and increase plant transpiration in the two-thirds of years with the highest precipitation (mean > 428 mm), leading to 11% and 7% increase grain yield for short- and full-season hybrids, respectively. Thus, in this major sorghum growing region, very early and early planting could reduce risks of terminal droughts, extend seasons, and increase rotation options, suggesting that further development of chilling-tolerant hybrids is warranted.
许多作物品种，尤其是那些起源于热带的品种，对低温敏感，因此提高耐寒性可以增加这些作物在温带地区的产量。对于谷类作物高粱（L.），早播和耐寒性已经研究了50多年，但这种基因型×管理变化的潜在价值或权衡尚未通过建模进行正式评估。为了评估美国中部高粱带早播耐寒谷物高粱的潜力，我们进行了CERES-高粱模拟，并描述了这种变化有望增强（或减弱）干旱逃避、水分获取和产量的情景。我们在雨养系统下对全季和短季杂交种进行了作物生长建模，模拟了1986 - 2015年期间在美国中部高粱带具有代表性的堪萨斯州四个地点于极早（4月）、早（5月15日）和正常（6月15日）播种日期种植的情况。模拟结果表明，极早播种通常会导致初始土壤湿度降低、生长周期延长和蒸散量增加。预计极早播种会使短季或全季杂交种的生长周期延长20%，减少休耕期的蒸发，并在降水量最高的三分之二年份（平均>428毫米）增加植物蒸腾作用，从而使短季和全季杂交种的谷物产量分别提高11%和7%。因此，在这个主要的高粱种植区，极早和早播可以降低终末期干旱的风险、延长生长季节并增加轮作选择，这表明有必要进一步开发耐寒杂交种。
