Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington.
Choice Modelling Centre and Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2021 Sep;27(9-a Suppl):S4-S13. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2021.27.9-a.s4.
Reducing the extra burden COVID-19 has on people already facing disparities is among the main national priorities for the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Early reports from states releasing vaccination data by race show that White residents are being vaccinated at significantly higher rates than Black residents. Public health efforts are being targeted to address vaccine hesitancy among Black and other minority populations. However, health care interventions intended to reduce health disparities that do not reflect the underlying values of individuals in underrepresented populations are unlikely to be successful. To identify key factors underlying the disparities in COVID-19 vaccination. Primary data were collected from an online survey of a representative sample of the populations of the 4 largest US states (New York, California, Texas, and Florida) between August 10 and September 3, 2020. Using latent class analysis, we built a model identifying key factors underlying the disparities in COVID-19 vaccination. We found that individuals who identify as Black had lower rates of vaccine hesitancy than those who identify as White. This was true overall, by latent class and within latent class. This suggests that, contrary to what is currently being reported, Black individuals are not universally more vaccine hesitant. Combining the respondents who would not consider a vaccine (17%) with those who would consider one but ultimately choose not to vaccinate (11%), our findings indicate that more than 1 in 4 (28%) persons will not be willing to vaccinate. The no-vaccine rate is highest in White individuals and lowest in Black individuals. Results suggest that other factors, potentially institutional, are driving the vaccination rates for these groups. Our model results help point the way to more effective differentiated policies. No funding was received for this study. The authors have nothing to disclose.
减少 COVID-19 给已经面临差异的人带来的额外负担是 COVID-19 疫苗接种的主要国家重点之一。从按种族公布疫苗接种数据的各州的早期报告来看，白人居民的接种率明显高于黑人居民。正在针对公众健康努力来解决黑人和其他少数族裔群体对疫苗的犹豫。但是，旨在减少健康差异的医疗保健干预措施，如果不能反映代表性不足人群中个人的潜在价值观，则不太可能成功。为了确定 COVID-19 疫苗接种差异的根本原因。我们于 2020 年 8 月 10 日至 9 月 3 日期间从美国 4 个最大州（纽约州、加利福尼亚州、德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州）的代表性人群的在线调查中收集了原始数据。使用潜在类别分析，我们建立了一个模型，确定了 COVID-19 疫苗接种差异的根本原因。我们发现，自我认同为黑人的人比自我认同为白人的人对疫苗的犹豫率更低。总体而言，无论是通过潜在类别还是在潜在类别内，都是如此。这表明，与目前报道的情况相反，黑人并非普遍对疫苗犹豫不决。将不会考虑疫苗的受访者（17％）与会考虑但最终选择不接种疫苗的受访者（11％）结合起来，我们的研究结果表明，超过 1/4（28％）的人将不愿意接种疫苗。不接种疫苗的比率在白人中最高，在黑人中最低。结果表明，其他因素（可能是制度因素）正在推动这些群体的疫苗接种率。我们的模型结果有助于指明更有效的差异化政策方向。这项研究没有获得任何资金。作者没有任何要披露的信息。
