Sovak D, Hawes M R
Sport Anthropology Laboratory, University of Calgary, Faculty of Physical Education, Alberta.
J Sports Sci. 1987 Winter;5(3):287-304. doi: 10.1080/02640418708729783.
The purpose of the study was to determine the anthropological status of elite male and female speed skaters, who were members of the 1985-7 Canadian national teams. The data were compared to those for a control group of University students. The subjects were 8 males and 6 females between 19 and 27 years of age. Nine breadth, 14 girth, 16 length and 15 skinfold measurements were used to compute parameters of body build and the composition; corrected diameters, masses, volumes and fat-free volumes of the upper arm, forearm, thigh and calf. The speed skaters were found to be similar in body height and mass (males: 178 +/- 7.6 cm and 75.5 +/- 5.5 kg, females: 165.8 +/- 3.8 cm and 62.3 +/- 5.8 kg) to the student controls, but they had relatively and absolutely shorter legs and longer trunks. The speed skaters had a lower amount of body fat and higher FFM than their respective student controls and significantly greater relative (P less than or equal to 0.01) and absolute (P less than or equal to 0.05) total muscle mass. Analysis of composition within segments indicated that the additional muscle mass is located entirely in the lower extremity. The volume and mass of the thigh was greater (P less than or equal to 0.01 for the males) than that of the respective controls while the estimated volume of fat was lower. The female speed skaters were found to have more fat on their thigh than either the male speed skaters or male controls. The corrected diameter and mass of the thigh were greater (with respect to the sex) than those reported for 400 m sprinters, marathon runners, cross-country skiers and figure skaters. The results of the initial assessment were compared to the two consecutive tests of the men's team (conducted 8 and 12 months later) and to one repeated test of the women's team (3 months later). Changes were recorded in skinfold measurements and the muscle component of the thigh.
该研究的目的是确定1985至1987年加拿大国家队成员中优秀男女速滑运动员的人体学状况。将这些数据与一组大学生对照组的数据进行比较。研究对象为8名年龄在19至27岁之间的男性和6名年龄在19至27岁之间的女性。使用9项宽度、14项围度、16项长度和15项皮褶测量数据来计算身体形态和组成的参数；上臂、前臂、大腿和小腿的校正直径、质量、体积和去脂体积。结果发现，速滑运动员的身高和体重（男性：178±7.6厘米，75.5±5.5千克；女性：165.8±3.8厘米，62.3±5.8千克）与学生对照组相似，但他们的腿部相对和绝对长度较短，躯干较长。与各自的学生对照组相比，速滑运动员的体脂含量较低，瘦体重较高，相对总肌肉量（P≤0.01）和绝对总肌肉量（P≤0.05）显著更大。对各部位组成的分析表明，额外的肌肉量完全位于下肢。男性大腿的体积和质量比各自的对照组更大（P≤0.01），而估计的脂肪体积更低。发现女性速滑运动员大腿上的脂肪比男性速滑运动员或男性对照组更多。大腿的校正直径和质量（按性别）比400米短跑运动员、马拉松运动员、越野滑雪运动员和花样滑冰运动员报告的数值更大。将初始评估结果与男子队的两次连续测试（分别在8个月和12个月后进行）以及女子队的一次重复测试（3个月后进行）进行比较。记录了皮褶测量值和大腿肌肉成分的变化。
