Sovak D, Hawes M R, Plant K
Sport Anthropology Group, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
J Sports Sci. 1992 Oct;10(5):451-65. doi: 10.1080/02640419208729943.
The purpose of this investigation was to describe the morphological parameters that characterize elite age group divers. Comparisons are made to normative age group data from the Coquitlam Growth Study and the constancy of important characteristics from age group to age group is examined. Data were collected on 27 male and 28 female elite divers who participated in the 1990 North American Age Group Diving Championships. Body build, body composition and skinfold corrected diameters were determined from 36 anthropometric parameters and analysed by ANOVA, t-test and Phantom z-scores procedures. All age groups except the 14- to 15-year-old males were significantly (P < or = 0.05) shorter than their norms but recorded higher androgyny index values. The estimated relative muscle mass increased significantly (P < or = 0.05) with age for males at all ages (40.8-46.3%). The 16- to 18-year-old females had a significantly (P < or = 0.05) larger relative muscle component compared to the younger age groups (40.1-38.4%). When normalized for height, active tissue development of the extremities was comparable between the sexes except in the forearm. The results indicate that at all age levels short stature is an important characteristic for divers. Analysis of regional active tissue development provides further insight into sport-specific prerequisites for success at elite levels.
本研究的目的是描述精英年龄组潜水运动员的形态学参数。将这些参数与来自高贵林生长研究的正常年龄组数据进行比较，并检验各年龄组重要特征的稳定性。收集了27名男性和28名女性精英潜水运动员的数据，他们参加了1990年北美年龄组跳水锦标赛。从36个人体测量参数中确定身体形态、身体成分和皮褶校正直径，并通过方差分析、t检验和Phantom z分数程序进行分析。除14至15岁男性外，所有年龄组的身高均显著低于其正常水平（P≤0.05），但雌雄同体指数值较高。所有年龄段男性的估计相对肌肉质量均随年龄显著增加（P≤0.05）（40.8-46.3%）。与较年轻年龄组相比，16至18岁女性的相对肌肉成分显著更大（P≤0.05）（40.1-38.4%）。在根据身高进行标准化后，除前臂外，两性四肢的活跃组织发育相当。结果表明，在所有年龄水平上，身材矮小是潜水运动员的一个重要特征。对区域活跃组织发育的分析为精英水平成功的特定运动先决条件提供了进一步的见解。
