Gozalzadeh Sahel, Nasirpouri Farzad, Seok Sang Il
Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 17;11(1):18561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97633-5.
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite is the most promising active layer for new generation of solar cells. Despite of highly efficient perovskite active layer conventionally fabricated by spin coating methods, the need for using toxic solvents like dimethylformamide (DMF) required for dissolving low soluble metal precursors as well as the difficulties for upscaling the process have restricted their practical development. To deal with these shortcomings, in this work, lead sulphide as the lead metal precursor was produced by aqueous chemical bath deposition. Subsequently, PbS films were chemically converted to PbI and finally to mixed-cation mixed halide perovskite films. The microstructural, optical and solar cell performance of mixed cation mixed halide perovskite films were examined. Results show that controlling the morphology of PbI platelets achieved from PbS precursor films enabled efficient conversion to final perovskite films. Using this processing technique, smooth and pin hole-free perovskite films having columnar grains of about 800 nm and a bandgap of 1.55 eV were produced. The solar cell performance consisting of such perovskite layers gave rise to a notable power conversion efficiency of 11.35% under standard solar conditions. The proposed processing technique is very promising towards an environmentally friendly method for the production of large-scale high efficient perovskite solar cells.
有机-无机杂化钙钛矿是新一代太阳能电池中最具潜力的活性层。尽管通过旋涂法常规制备的钙钛矿活性层效率很高，但溶解低溶解度金属前驱体所需的有毒溶剂（如二甲基甲酰胺（DMF））的使用以及工艺放大的困难限制了它们的实际发展。为了解决这些缺点，在这项工作中，通过化学水浴沉积法制备了硫化铅作为铅金属前驱体。随后，将硫化铅薄膜化学转化为碘化铅，最后转化为混合阳离子混合卤化物钙钛矿薄膜。研究了混合阳离子混合卤化物钙钛矿薄膜的微观结构、光学和太阳能电池性能。结果表明，控制由硫化铅前驱体薄膜获得的碘化铅片状晶体的形貌能够有效地转化为最终的钙钛矿薄膜。使用这种加工技术，制备出了具有约800纳米柱状晶粒且带隙为1.55电子伏特的光滑无针孔钙钛矿薄膜。由这种钙钛矿层组成的太阳能电池性能在标准太阳能条件下产生了11.35%的显著功率转换效率。所提出的加工技术对于大规模高效钙钛矿太阳能电池的环保生产方法非常有前景。
