Podapangi Suresh K, Jafarzadeh Farshad, Mattiello Sara, Korukonda Tulja Bhavani, Singh Akash, Beverina Luca, Brown Thomas M
CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome-Tor Vergata via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
Department of Materials Science, State University of Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 I-20126 Milano Italy.
RSC Adv. 2023 Jun 15;13(27):18165-18206. doi: 10.1039/d3ra01692g.
Perovskite materials research has received unprecedented recognition due to its applications in photovoltaics, LEDs, and other large area low-cost electronics. The exceptional improvement in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the last decade has prompted efforts to develop and optimize device fabrication technologies for the industrial and commercial space. However, unstable operation in outdoor environments and toxicity of the employed materials and solvents have hindered this proposition. While their optoelectronic properties are extensively studied, the environmental impacts of the materials and manufacturing methods require further attention. This review summarizes and discusses green and environment-friendly methods for fabricating PSCs, particularly non-toxic solvents, and lead-free alternatives. Greener solvent choices are surveyed for all the solar cell films, ( electron and hole transport, semiconductor, and electrode layers) and their impact on thin film quality, morphology and device performance is explored. We also discuss lead content in perovskites, its environmental impact and sequestration routes, and progress in replacing lead with greener alternatives. This review provides an analysis of sustainable green routes in perovskite solar cell fabrication, discussing the impact of each layer in the device stack, life cycle analysis.
由于钙钛矿材料在光伏、发光二极管及其他大面积低成本电子产品中的应用，其研究已获得前所未有的认可。过去十年间，钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的光伏转换效率取得了显著提高，这促使人们努力开发和优化适用于工业和商业领域的器件制造技术。然而，户外环境下的不稳定运行以及所用材料和溶剂的毒性阻碍了这一目标的实现。尽管人们对其光电特性进行了广泛研究，但材料和制造方法对环境的影响仍需进一步关注。本综述总结并讨论了制造PSC的绿色环保方法，特别是无毒溶剂和无铅替代品。对所有太阳能电池薄膜（电子和空穴传输层、半导体层和电极层）的更环保溶剂选择进行了调研，并探讨了它们对薄膜质量、形态和器件性能的影响。我们还讨论了钙钛矿中的铅含量、其环境影响和封存途径，以及用更环保替代品替代铅的进展。本综述分析了钙钛矿太阳能电池制造中的可持续绿色路线，讨论了器件堆栈中各层的影响及生命周期分析。
