Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
Prev Med. 2021 Nov;152(Pt 1):106549. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106549. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
There has been considerable uptake of the Three-Step Theory (3ST) of suicide since its publication in 2015. The 3ST is a concise, evidence-based, and actionable theory that explains suicide in terms of four factors: pain, hopelessness, connection, and capability for suicide. The 3ST has not only been cited in hundreds of scientific papers, but incorporated into continuing education programs, gatekeeper training, and self-help resources. In this context, it is useful to clarify the theory's content and review its scientific support. Thus, the present article describes the 3ST, provides an updated evidence review for each of its premises, and offers several points of clarification so that the claims of the 3ST may be better understood, evaluated, and applied. To date, research (including research on correlates, risk factors, motivations, warning signs, and means-safety interventions) supports the 3ST. At the same time, there are aspects of the theory that are challenging to operationalize and that require further testing.
自 2015 年三步骤自杀理论（3ST）发表以来，该理论得到了广泛的应用。3ST 是一个简洁、基于证据且可操作的理论，用四个因素来解释自杀：痛苦、绝望、联系和自杀能力。该理论不仅被引用在数百篇科学论文中，还被纳入继续教育项目、守门员培训和自助资源中。在这种情况下，澄清该理论的内容并审查其科学依据是很有用的。因此，本文描述了 3ST，提供了其每个前提的最新证据审查，并提出了几点澄清，以便更好地理解、评估和应用 3ST 的主张。迄今为止，研究（包括相关性、风险因素、动机、预警信号和手段-安全干预措施的研究）支持 3ST。与此同时，该理论的某些方面难以操作，需要进一步测试。
