多元化体育活动模块对4-5岁学龄前儿童身体素质和心理健康的影响
Effects of Diversified Sports Activity Module on Physical Fitness and Mental Health of 4-5-Year-Old Preschoolers.
作者信息
Liu Jinfu, Gao Feng, Yuan Lugang
机构信息
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
Department of Physical Education and Military Training, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
出版信息
Iran J Public Health. 2021 Jun;50(6):1233-1240. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v50i6.6422.
BACKGROUND
Chinese children are poorer in sports activity as compared to foreign children and their prospects as to physical fitness are not optimistic. This study aimed to discuss the effects of diversified sports activity modules on physical fitness and mental health of preschoolers ages 4-5 years.
METHODS
Sixty preschoolers aged 4-5-yr-old from two kindergartens in Jiaxing of China were selected randomly during Mar-Oct 2019. These respondents were divided into the experimental group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). The experimental group implemented the diversified sports activity module for 16 wk successively, 5 d per week, and 30-45 min per day. The control group adopted conventional sports activity. The body shape, physical fitness, and mental health of the two groups were measured and compared.
RESULTS
For body shape, the height of the experimental group increased is significantly higher than that of the control group. The experimental and control groups show no significant differences in body weight. For physical fitness, the experimental group is significantly superior to the control group in testing results of standing long jump, double-feet continuous jump, balancing on one foot, tennis shot, sit-and-reach, and 10 m repeated run. For mental health, the testing results of action development, language development, and social development of the experimental group are significantly better than those of the control group.
CONCLUSION
The diversified sports activity module is not only conducive to strengthening the physical fitness of 4-5-year-old preschoolers but also improves their mental health.
背景
与外国儿童相比，中国儿童的体育活动较少，他们的身体素质前景不容乐观。本研究旨在探讨多样化体育活动模式对4-5岁学龄前儿童身体素质和心理健康的影响。
方法
2019年3月至10月，从中国嘉兴的两所幼儿园中随机选取60名4-5岁的学龄前儿童。这些受访者被分为实验组（n=30）和对照组（n=30）。实验组连续16周实施多样化体育活动模式，每周5天，每天30-45分钟。对照组采用传统体育活动。测量并比较两组的身体形态、身体素质和心理健康状况。
结果
在身体形态方面，实验组的身高增长明显高于对照组。实验组和对照组的体重没有显著差异。在身体素质方面，实验组在立定跳远、双脚连续跳、单脚平衡、网球掷远、坐位体前屈和10米折返跑的测试结果上明显优于对照组。在心理健康方面，实验组的动作发展、语言发展和社会发展测试结果明显优于对照组。
结论
多样化体育活动模式不仅有利于增强4-5岁学龄前儿童的身体素质，还能改善他们的心理健康。
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