Liang Yixin, Yang Yong, Yuan Yuan, Chen Lanzhi, Wang Tian, Luo Beibei, Wang Junyu, Zhuang Jie
School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai City, 200438, China.
School of Physical Education, Chaohu University, Hefei City, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Sep 2;25(1):3029. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24156-3.
To evaluate the effects of chronic physical activity (PA) interventions on physical fitness (PF) in preschool children and to determine the optimal weekly PA dose for improving specific fitness components through meta-analysis and dose-response analysis.
Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from database inception to January 4, 2025. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involved healthy children aged 3-7 years, applied PA interventions lasting ≥ 4 weeks, and assessed at least one PF component, including muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, coordination, or balance. Meta-analyses used random-effects models to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Bayesian dose-response models with restricted cubic splines were used to explore non-linear associations.
Fourteen RCTs (n = 3376) were included. PA interventions significantly improved overall PF (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.22-0.38), as well as upper muscle strength (SMD = 0.30), lower muscle strength (SMD = 0.29), flexibility (SMD = 0.27), CRF (SMD = 0.29), coordination (SMD = 0.54), and static balance (SMD = 0.38). Dose-response analysis revealed optimal weekly doses of 270 min for overall PF, 260 min for lower muscle strength, 190 min for upper muscle strength and flexibility, 300 min for coordination, and 180 min for static balance. CRF improved linearly up to 380 min/week. Subgroup analyses indicated that session frequency, length, and total duration moderated intervention effects.
PA interventions effectively improve physical fitness in preschool children. Optimal weekly doses range from 180 to 380 min, depending on the fitness component. Intervention effectiveness is further moderated by session frequency, duration, and total program length, highlighting the need for tailored PA strategies targeting specific physical fitness outcomes in early childhood.
CRD42025639632.
通过荟萃分析和剂量反应分析，评估慢性体育活动（PA）干预对学龄前儿童身体素质（PF）的影响，并确定改善特定身体素质成分的最佳每周PA剂量。
从数据库建立至2025年1月4日，在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane对照试验中央注册库中进行文献检索。符合条件的随机对照试验（RCT）纳入3-7岁健康儿童，采用持续时间≥4周的PA干预，并评估至少一项PF成分，包括肌肉力量、心肺适能（CRF）、柔韧性、协调性或平衡能力。荟萃分析使用随机效应模型计算标准化均数差（SMD）及95%置信区间（CI）。采用带受限立方样条的贝叶斯剂量反应模型探索非线性关联。
纳入14项RCT（n = 3376）。PA干预显著改善整体PF（SMD = 0.30；95%CI：0.22 - 0.38），以及上肢肌肉力量（SMD = 0.30）、下肢肌肉力量（SMD = 0.29）、柔韧性（SMD = 0.27）、CRF（SMD = 0.29）、协调性（SMD = 0.54）和静态平衡能力（SMD = 0.38）。剂量反应分析显示，整体PF的最佳每周剂量为270分钟，下肢肌肉力量为260分钟，上肢肌肉力量和柔韧性为190分钟，协调性为300分钟，静态平衡能力为180分钟。CRF每周达到380分钟时呈线性改善。亚组分析表明，课程频率、时长和总时长会调节干预效果。
PA干预可有效提高学龄前儿童的身体素质。最佳每周剂量为180至380分钟，具体取决于身体素质成分。干预效果会进一步受到课程频率、时长和总项目长度的调节，这凸显了针对幼儿特定身体素质结果制定个性化PA策略的必要性。
PROSPERO注册编号：CRD42025639632。
