López-de-la-Nieta Oscar, Koeneke Hoenicka Mᵃ Alejandra, Martinez-Rubio José Luis, Shinohara Kazuyuki, Esposito Gianluca, Iandolo Giuseppe
Department of Psychology, School of Biomedical Sciences, European University of Madrid, Spain. Calle Tajo S/N. (Urb. El Bosque), Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2021 Feb 4;11(1):113-128. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe11010010.
Nowadays, there are several human attachment measures, most in the form of questionnaires that assess adult attachment styles. This study investigates the use of Feeney, Noller, Hanrahan, Sperling and Berman's five-factors Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ, 1994), based on Bartholomew's four-factors model (1991), and Hazan and Shaver's three-factors model (1987). Nevertheless, no robust study has explored the ASQ questionnaire in Spanish compared to other cultures, such as Italian and Japanese. Therefore, the linguistic translation of the Spanish version of the ASQ was performed, based on the back-translation methodology. The results indicate that 5-factors ASQ Spanish version explains 43.67% of the variance, similar to the original English-Australian ASQ version. The Italian and Japanese versions explain 49.37% and 52.27% of the variance, respectively. No age correlation for any ASQ factors in the Japanese sample was found; meanwhile, the Spanish and Italian cultures showed a positive correlation with age and "Confidence" and negative correlation with age and "Relationships as Secondary" ASQ factors. Some transcultural differences and possible research approaches are addressed.
如今，有几种成人依恋测量方法，大多数是以评估成人依恋风格的问卷形式存在。本研究基于巴塞洛缪的四因素模型（1991年）和哈赞与夏弗的三因素模型（1987年），对费尼、诺勒、汉拉汉、斯珀林和伯曼的五因素依恋风格问卷（ASQ，1994年）的使用情况进行了调查。然而，与意大利和日本等其他文化相比，尚未有深入的研究探讨西班牙语版的ASQ问卷。因此，基于回译方法对ASQ的西班牙语版本进行了语言翻译。结果表明，五因素ASQ西班牙语版本解释了43.67%的方差，与原始的英澳ASQ版本相似。意大利语和日语版本分别解释了49.37%和52.27%的方差。在日本样本中，未发现任何ASQ因素与年龄存在相关性；与此同时，西班牙和意大利文化中，年龄与“信心”ASQ因素呈正相关，与“关系次要性”ASQ因素呈负相关。文中还探讨了一些跨文化差异及可能的研究方法。
