Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Oecologia. 2021 Oct;197(2):353-364. doi: 10.1007/s00442-021-05025-3. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Beta-diversity was originally defined spatially, i.e., as variation in community composition among sites in a region. However, the concept of beta-diversity has since been expanded to temporal contexts. This is referred to as "temporal beta-diversity", and most approaches are simply an extension of spatial beta-diversity. The persistence and turnover of individuals over time is a unique feature of temporal beta-diversity. Nakadai (2020) introduced the "individual-based beta-diversity" concept, and provided novel indices to evaluate individual turnover and compositional shift by comparing individual turnover between two periods at a given site. However, the proposed individual-based indices are applicable only to pairwise dissimilarity, not to multiple-temporal (or more generally, multiple-unit) dissimilarity. Here, individual-based beta-diversity indices are extended to multiple-unit cases. In addition, a novel type of random permutation criterion related to these multiple-unit indices for detecting patterns of individual persistence is introduced in the present study. To demonstrate the usage the properties of these indices compared to average pairwise measures, I applied them to a dataset for a permanent 50-ha forest dynamics plot on Barro Colorado Island in Panama. Information regarding "individuals" is generally missing from community ecology and biodiversity studies of temporal dynamics. In this context, the methods proposed here are expected to be useful for addressing a wide range of research questions regarding temporal changes in biodiversity, especially studies using traditional individual-tracked forest monitoring data.
β 多样性最初是在空间上定义的，即区域内站点之间群落组成的变化。然而，β 多样性的概念后来扩展到了时间背景。这被称为“时间β 多样性”，并且大多数方法只是空间β 多样性的扩展。个体随时间的持续存在和更替是时间β 多样性的一个独特特征。中谷（2020 年）引入了“基于个体的β 多样性”概念，并通过比较给定地点两个时期的个体更替，提供了评估个体更替和组成变化的新指标。然而，所提出的基于个体的指标仅适用于成对不相似性，而不适用于多时间（或更一般地说，多单位）不相似性。在这里，基于个体的β 多样性指数被扩展到多单位情况。此外，本研究还引入了一种与这些多单位指数相关的新型个体持久性随机排列标准，用于检测个体持久性模式。为了展示这些指标与平均成对度量相比的用途和性质，我将它们应用于巴拿马巴罗科罗拉多岛上一个永久的 50 公顷森林动态样地数据集。关于“个体”的信息通常在时间动态的群落生态学和生物多样性研究中缺失。在这种情况下，这里提出的方法有望用于解决关于生物多样性时间变化的广泛研究问题，特别是使用传统个体跟踪森林监测数据的研究。
