β-多样性、群落组装和生态系统功能。
β-Diversity, Community Assembly, and Ecosystem Functioning.
机构信息
Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
出版信息
Trends Ecol Evol. 2018 Jul;33(7):549-564. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.04.012. Epub 2018 May 26.
Evidence is increasing for positive effects of α-diversity on ecosystem functioning. We highlight here the crucial role of β-diversity - a hitherto underexplored facet of biodiversity - for a better process-level understanding of biodiversity change and its consequences for ecosystems. A focus on β-diversity has the potential to improve predictions of natural and anthropogenic influences on diversity and ecosystem functioning. However, linking the causes and consequences of biodiversity change is complex because species assemblages in nature are shaped by many factors simultaneously, including disturbance, environmental heterogeneity, deterministic niche factors, and stochasticity. Because variability and change are ubiquitous in ecosystems, acknowledging these inherent properties of nature is an essential step for further advancing scientific knowledge of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in theory and practice.
生物多样性的证据越来越多，对生态系统功能有积极影响。我们在这里强调β-多样性的关键作用——生物多样性一个迄今尚未充分探索的方面——对于更好地理解生物多样性变化及其对生态系统的后果的过程水平。关注β-多样性有可能提高对自然和人为因素对多样性和生态系统功能影响的预测。然而，将生物多样性变化的原因和后果联系起来是复杂的，因为自然界中的物种组合是由许多因素同时塑造的，包括干扰、环境异质性、确定性生态位因素和随机性。由于变异性和变化在生态系统中无处不在，承认这些自然的固有属性是进一步推进生物多样性-生态系统功能理论和实践科学知识的重要步骤。
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