Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Georgetown University/Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
Section on Hospital Medicine.
Am J Cardiol. 2021 Dec 1;160:60-66. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.08.033. Epub 2021 Sep 20.
Epidemiological studies have established the association between excessive alcohol consumption and systemic hypertension (SH). However, there are conflicting reports of the association of low to moderate alcohol consumption with SH. The objective of the study was to examine the associations of alcohol consumption and blood pressure categories using the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association high blood pressure guidelines. This analysis included 17,059 participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Alcohol consumption was ascertained by way of a questionnaire. Blood pressure (mm Hg) was measured during the in-home interview and the participant's visit to the mobile examination center. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine cross-sectional associations of alcohol consumption and blood pressure categories based on new American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association High Blood Pressure guidelines. Models were adjusted for age, gender, income, and cardiovascular risk factors. Compared with never drinkers, moderate drinkers (7 to 13 drinks/week) had increased odds of prevalent stage 1 and stage 2 SH (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.51 [1.22 to 1.87] and 1.55 [1.20 to 2.00]). Similarly, there were significantly higher odds of prevalent stage 1 and stage 2 SH among heavy drinkers (≥14 drinks/week) (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.65 [1.33 to 2.05] and 2.46 [1.93 to 3.14]). We did not find any association between alcohol consumption and elevated blood pressure category. Response bias must be considered because alcohol consumption was self-reported. Our study indicates the need for further research to understand the potential mechanisms by which alcohol consumption increases the risk of SH. In conclusion, this analysis from a population-based survey showed an association between moderate and heavy alcohol consumption and a higher prevalence of SH.
流行病学研究已经确定了过量饮酒与系统性高血压（SH）之间的关联。然而，关于低至中度饮酒与 SH 的关联，报告结果存在冲突。本研究的目的是根据 2017 年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会高血压指南，检查饮酒与血压分类之间的关联。本分析包括来自第三次全国健康和营养检查调查的 17059 名参与者。通过问卷确定饮酒情况。血压（mmHg）在家庭访谈和参与者前往移动检查中心期间进行测量。我们使用多变量逻辑回归模型，根据新的美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会高血压指南，检查饮酒与血压分类的横断面关联。模型根据年龄、性别、收入和心血管危险因素进行调整。与从不饮酒者相比，中度饮酒者（每周 7 至 13 杯）患有 1 期和 2 期 SH 的可能性增加（比值比[95%置信区间]1.51[1.22 至 1.87]和 1.55[1.20 至 2.00]）。同样，重度饮酒者（每周≥14 杯）患有 1 期和 2 期 SH 的可能性显著更高（比值比[95%置信区间]1.65[1.33 至 2.05]和 2.46[1.93 至 3.14]）。我们没有发现饮酒与升高的血压分类之间存在任何关联。由于饮酒是自我报告的，因此必须考虑响应偏差。我们的研究表明，需要进一步研究以了解饮酒增加 SH 风险的潜在机制。总之，这项基于人群的调查分析表明，中度和重度饮酒与 SH 的更高患病率之间存在关联。
