Ewers Bettina, Sørensen Mette Rosenlund, Fagt Sisse, Diaz Lars J, Vilsbøll Tina
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021 Sep 14;15:2027-2037. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S325214. eCollection 2021.
Intention and perceptions of healthy eating may affect diet-related behavior. We assessed the intention and perceptions of eating healthily in patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with the general population. Secondly, differences in diet quality were assessed in patients with diabetes perceiving their dietary habits as more or less healthy.
This cross-sectional study included data on socioeconomic status, dietary intake, and questions on healthy eating from adults with T1D (n=426), T2D (n=348) and from the general population (n=2899).
Patients with T2D were less likely to perceive their dietary habits as healthy compared with T1D and the general population. Patients with T1D or T2D perceiving their dietary habits as healthy reported higher intake of vegetables, fruit, fish, fibre and protein. In addition, patients with T1D with perceived healthy versus less healthy dietary habits had lower sugar intake and higher alcohol intake. Overall, adherence to dietary guidelines in patients with T1D and T2D was too low both in self-perceived healthy and less healthy eaters. In comparison with T1D patients, patients with T2D were less likely and the general population was more likely to strive to eat a healthy diet.
Patients with T2D had poorer self-perception of their dietary healthiness and less intention of eating healthily, compared with patients with T1D and the general population. Actual diet quality was higher amongst patients with T1D and T2D perceiving their dietary habits as healthy than those perceiving their dietary habits as less healthy. But inadequate intakes were found in all groups. Health care providers should address and explore the patient's intention and perceptions of healthy eating when discussing dietary changes in diabetes to improve nutritional support.
健康饮食的意图和认知可能会影响与饮食相关的行为。我们评估了1型糖尿病（T1D）和2型糖尿病（T2D）患者与普通人群相比在健康饮食方面的意图和认知。其次，评估了认为自己饮食习惯或多或少健康的糖尿病患者在饮食质量上的差异。
这项横断面研究纳入了有关社会经济状况、饮食摄入量的数据，以及来自T1D患者（n = 426）、T2D患者（n = 348）和普通人群（n = 2899）的成年人关于健康饮食的问题。
与T1D患者和普通人群相比，T2D患者认为自己饮食习惯健康的可能性较小。认为自己饮食习惯健康的T1D或T2D患者报告蔬菜、水果、鱼类、纤维和蛋白质的摄入量较高。此外，认为饮食习惯健康与不健康的T1D患者相比，糖摄入量较低，酒精摄入量较高。总体而言，无论是自我感觉健康还是不健康的饮食者，T1D和T2D患者对饮食指南的依从性都很低。与T1D患者相比，T2D患者努力遵循健康饮食的可能性较小，而普通人群更有可能这样做。
与T1D患者和普通人群相比，T2D患者对其饮食健康的自我认知较差，健康饮食的意图也较低。认为自己饮食习惯健康的T1D和T2D患者的实际饮食质量高于认为自己饮食习惯不健康的患者。但所有组都存在摄入不足的情况。在讨论糖尿病患者的饮食变化以改善营养支持时，医疗保健提供者应关注并探讨患者对健康饮食的意图和认知。
