Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK.
Cochrane Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2345:121-134. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1566-9_7.
Systematic reviews are difficult to keep up to date, but failure to do so leads to poor review currency and accuracy. "Living systematic review" (LSR) is an approach that aims to continually update a review, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. LSRs may be particularly important in fields where research evidence is emerging rapidly, current evidence is uncertain, and new research may change policy or practice decisions.This chapter describes the concept and processes of living systematic reviews. It describes the general principles of LSRs, when they might be of particular value, and how their procedures differ from conventional systematic reviews. The chapter focuses particularly on two methods of sequential meta-analysis that may be particularly useful for LSRs: Trial Sequential Analysis and Sequential Meta-Analysis, which both control for Type I error, Type II error (failing to detect a genuine effect) and take account of heterogeneity.
系统评价很难做到及时更新，但如果不及时更新，就会导致评价过时和不准确。“动态系统评价”（LSR）是一种旨在不断更新评价的方法，将新出现的相关证据纳入其中。LSR 在研究证据迅速出现、当前证据不确定以及新研究可能改变政策或实践决策的领域可能特别重要。本章描述了动态系统评价的概念和流程。它描述了 LSR 的一般原则，何时它们可能特别有价值，以及它们的程序与常规系统评价有何不同。本章特别侧重于两种可能对 LSR 特别有用的序贯荟萃分析方法：试验序贯分析和序贯荟萃分析，这两种方法都可以控制Ⅰ类错误、Ⅱ类错误（未能检测到真实效应）并考虑异质性。
