Stenbäck Victoria, Marsja Erik, Hällgren Mathias, Lyxell Björn, Larsby Birgitta
Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Linköping University, Sweden.
Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Nov 8;64(11):4513-4523. doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00251. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
Purpose The study aimed to investigate the relationship between speech recognition in noise, age, hearing ability, self-rated listening effort, inhibitory control (measured with the Swedish Hayling task), and working memory capacity (WMC; measured with the Reading Span test). Two different speech materials were used: the Hagerman test with low semantic context and Hearing in Noise Test sentences with high semantic context, masked with either energetic or informational maskers. Method A mixed design was used. Twenty-four young normally hearing ( = 25.6 years) and 24 older, for their age, normally hearing individuals ( = 60.6 years) participated in the study. Speech recognition in noise in both speech materials and self-rated effort in all four background maskers were correlated with inhibitory control and WMC. A linear mixed-effects model was set up to assess differences between the two different speech materials, the four different maskers used in the study, and if age and hearing ability affected performance in the speech materials or the various background noises. Results Results showed that high WMC was related to lower scores of self-rated listening effort for informational maskers, as well as better performance in speech recognition in noise when informational maskers were used. The linear mixed-effects model revealed differences in performance between the low-context and the high-context speech materials, and the various maskers used. Lastly, inhibitory control had some impact on performance in the low-context speech material when masked with an informational masker. Conclusion Different background noises, especially informational maskers, affect speech recognition and self-rated listening effort differently depending on age, hearing ability, and individual variation in WMC and inhibitory control.
目的 本研究旨在调查噪声环境下的言语识别与年龄、听力、自我评定的听力努力程度、抑制控制能力（用瑞典语海林任务测量）以及工作记忆容量（WMC；用阅读广度测试测量）之间的关系。使用了两种不同的言语材料：语义背景较低的哈格曼测试材料和语义背景较高的噪声环境下听力测试句子，分别用能量掩蔽器或信息掩蔽器进行掩蔽。方法 采用混合设计。24名听力正常的年轻人（平均年龄 = 25.6岁）和24名年龄较大但听力正常的个体（平均年龄 = 60.6岁）参与了本研究。两种言语材料在噪声环境下的言语识别以及在所有四种背景掩蔽器下的自我评定努力程度均与抑制控制能力和WMC进行了相关性分析。建立了线性混合效应模型，以评估两种不同言语材料、研究中使用的四种不同掩蔽器之间的差异，以及年龄和听力是否会影响言语材料或各种背景噪声下的表现。结果 结果表明，高WMC与信息掩蔽器下自我评定的听力努力程度得分较低相关，并且在使用信息掩蔽器时，噪声环境下的言语识别表现更好。线性混合效应模型揭示了低语境和高语境言语材料以及所使用的各种掩蔽器之间在表现上的差异。最后，当用信息掩蔽器掩蔽时，抑制控制能力对低语境言语材料的表现有一定影响。结论 不同的背景噪声，尤其是信息掩蔽器，根据年龄、听力、WMC和抑制控制能力的个体差异，对言语识别和自我评定的听力努力程度有不同的影响。
