Hughes Jaime M, Ulmer Christi S, Hastings S Nicole, Gierisch Jennifer M, Howard Matthew O
Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Mil Psychol. 2018;30(5):404-414. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2018.1478551. Epub 2018 Aug 17.
Sleep problems are prevalent among Veterans. Left untreated, such problems may elevate psychological distress and increase risk of subsequent mental health disorders. Psychological resilience may buffer against negative psychological outcomes, yet the relationship between sleep and resilience has not been studied. This study explored poor sleep, resilience, and psychological distress using questionnaires collected as part of the Study of Post-Deployment Mental Health. Participants ( = 1,118) had served in the US military since September 11, 2001, had one or more overseas deployments, and were free from a past-month -defined mental health disorder. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the association between poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score) and psychological distress (Global Symptom Index; Symptom Checklist-90-R), controlling for demographic and health characteristics. Moderation analyses tested for a potential buffering effect of resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale). Poor sleeping Veterans had worse physical and psychological health, lower resilience, and endorsed more lifetime traumatic events. Poor sleep was associated with greater psychological distress controlling for health and demographic characteristics. Both resilience factors-adaptability and self-efficacy-had significant buffering effects on the relationship between poor sleep and psychological distress, suggesting that resilience may protect against negative outcomes in poor sleepers. Additional research is warranted to better understand the relationships between sleep, resilience, and psychological distress. Such research may inform pertinent prevention efforts, including interventions that improve sleep, enhance resilience, and protect against incident mental health diagnoses.
睡眠问题在退伍军人中很普遍。如果不加以治疗，这些问题可能会加剧心理困扰，并增加随后出现心理健康障碍的风险。心理韧性可能会缓冲负面心理结果，但睡眠与韧性之间的关系尚未得到研究。本研究使用作为部署后心理健康研究一部分收集的问卷，探讨了睡眠不佳、韧性和心理困扰。参与者（n = 1118）自2001年9月11日起在美国军队服役，有一次或多次海外部署，且在过去一个月内没有被界定为心理健康障碍。采用分层线性回归来检验睡眠质量差（匹兹堡睡眠质量指数总分）与心理困扰（全球症状指数；症状自评量表-90-R）之间的关联，并控制人口统计学和健康特征。调节分析测试了韧性（Connor-Davidson韧性量表）的潜在缓冲作用。睡眠不佳的退伍军人身心健康状况较差，韧性较低，并且认可更多的终身创伤事件。在控制健康和人口统计学特征后，睡眠不佳与更大的心理困扰相关。适应性和自我效能这两个韧性因素对睡眠不佳与心理困扰之间的关系均有显著的缓冲作用，这表明韧性可能会保护睡眠不佳者免受负面结果的影响。有必要进行更多研究以更好地理解睡眠、韧性和心理困扰之间的关系。此类研究可能为相关预防工作提供信息，包括改善睡眠、增强韧性以及预防心理健康诊断的干预措施。
