Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India.
Somaiya Ayurvihar -Asian Cancer Institute, Off Eastern Express Highway, Behind Everard Nagar, Somaiya Ayurvihar, Sion (East), Mumbai, India.
J Med Microbiol. 2021 Sep;70(9). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001417.
Squamous cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive type of oral cancer (OC). It is the most common cancer among men, and accounts for almost 90 % of all oral cancers in India. Consumption of tobacco is a leading factor contributing to maximum oral cancer incidences as per the WHO. Researchers reported a direct association of microorganisms with dysbiosis in various oral lesions including oral cancer. However, there is a dearth of information related to compositional changes in the oral microbiome in long-term tobacco chewers and the Indian oral cancer population. The aim of this study was to identify and correlate the bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of tobacco chewers, patients with oral cancer and healthy subjects in the Indian population. Oral rinse samples were collected for ten subjects in each group followed by DNA extraction. The variable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V6-V8) were amplified, sequenced, processed, and analysed using QIIME2 platform to assess alpha and beta diversity between the study groups. This pilot study showed genus dominated the control group (18.54 %), and the abundance decreased in tobacco and OC group (9.63 and 5.45% respectively); whereas genus dominated the tobacco and OC group (21.01 and 26.03% respectively). A shift in abundance of microbiome was observed from control population to oral cancer via the tobacco chewing population. Maximum alpha diversity of oral microbiome was found in Indian tobacco chewers. Beta diversity of tobacco chewers was similar to both the healthy population as well as oral cancer patients suggesting transitioning of the oral microbiome from healthy to oral cancer microbiome via the tobacco chewers microbiome. The data provides evidence of oral bacterial dysbiosis due to tobacco chewing habits that can further lead to progression towards cancer.
鳞状细胞癌是一种高度侵袭性的口腔癌（OC）。它是男性中最常见的癌症，占印度所有口腔癌的近 90%。根据世界卫生组织的数据，烟草消费是导致最大口腔癌发病率的主要因素。研究人员报告称，微生物与各种口腔病变中的失调直接相关，包括口腔癌。然而，关于长期咀嚼烟草的人群和印度口腔癌人群中口腔微生物组的组成变化的信息很少。本研究的目的是确定并相关联在印度人群中咀嚼烟草者、口腔癌患者和健康受试者的口腔中细菌多样性。每组收集 10 名受试者的口腔冲洗样本，然后提取 DNA。扩增、测序、处理和分析细菌 16S rRNA 基因（V6-V8）的可变区，使用 QIIME2 平台评估研究组之间的 alpha 和 beta 多样性。这项初步研究表明，属在对照组中占主导地位（18.54%），而在烟草和 OC 组中丰度降低（分别为 9.63%和 5.45%）；而属在烟草和 OC 组中占主导地位（分别为 21.01%和 26.03%）。从对照组到口腔癌，通过咀嚼烟草的人群，观察到微生物组丰度的变化。印度烟草咀嚼者的口腔微生物组的最大 alpha 多样性。烟草咀嚼者的 beta 多样性与健康人群以及口腔癌患者相似，表明口腔微生物组通过烟草咀嚼者的微生物组从健康状态向口腔癌微生物组转变。该数据提供了由于咀嚼烟草习惯导致的口腔细菌失调的证据，这可能进一步导致向癌症发展。
