Department of Sports, St Cuthbert's College, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sports Performance Research Institute of New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Oct;23(10):1705-1725. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1975811. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
Speed is a crucial factor for overall athletic development. While researchers have shown strength and plyometric training to improve sprinting speed in some adult and youth populations, no studies have compared the effects of strength and plyometric training on sprinting speed in young females. Fifty-two young females were divided into three groups and trained for 7 weeks, twice a week; strength training (n = 16, age 13.36 ± 0.84), plyometric training (n = 21, age 13.38 ± 0.75) and a physical education class as a control group (n = 15, age 13.95 ± 0.54). Participants were tested for sprinting performance and horizontal force (, maximum velocity () and maximum horizontal power () metrics over 30 m distance, isometric strength and unilateral horizontal jump distance before and after the intervention. Both the strength and plyometric groups significantly improved all performance variables (p < 0.05). The strength group significantly improved 10 m split time (6.76%; Hedge's = 0.65) and (18.98%; = 0.67), whereas the plyometric group significantly improved (4.91%; = 0.50) and (7.91%; = 0.31). The findings of this study suggest that both strength and plyometric training can improve sprinting kinetics, jumping performance and overall strength in young females.
速度是整体运动发展的关键因素。虽然研究人员已经表明，力量和增强式训练可以提高某些成年人和青少年群体的短跑速度，但没有研究比较过力量和增强式训练对年轻女性短跑速度的影响。52 名年轻女性被分为三组，每周训练两次，共 7 周；力量训练组（n=16，年龄 13.36±0.84 岁）、增强式训练组（n=21，年龄 13.38±0.75 岁）和体育教育课程对照组（n=15，年龄 13.95±0.54 岁）。参与者在干预前后接受了短跑表现和水平力（、最大速度（）和最大水平功率（）指标的测试，30 米距离、等长力量和单侧水平跳跃距离。力量组和增强式训练组的所有表现变量均显著提高（p<0.05）。力量组 10 米分段时间显著提高（6.76%；Hedge's =0.65）和（18.98%；Hedge's =0.67），而增强式训练组显著提高（4.91%；Hedge's =0.50）和（7.91%；Hedge's =0.31）。本研究的结果表明，力量和增强式训练都可以提高年轻女性的短跑动力学、跳跃表现和整体力量。
