时机至关重要：增强式训练对男性青少年下肢爆发力的年龄相关影响及其在女性青少年中的总体效果。
Timing is everything: the age-related impact of plyometric training on lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its general effectiveness in female adolescents.
作者信息
Chen Lunxin, Qu Wenhao, Yan Ruixiang, Deng Beiwang, Sun Jian, Wang Yan, Duan Xiaoping, Li Duanying
机构信息
School of Physical Education and Sports, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
Digital Physical Training Laboratory, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
出版信息
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Jan 3. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05683-0.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigates the impact of plyometric training on age-related lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its effectiveness in female adolescents.
METHODS
A thorough search was conducted across five databases from their inception until September 20, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool, and data analysis was performed with Stata 15 software.
RESULTS
Plyometric training positively affected countermovement jump (CMJ) (MD = 2.90 cm, 95% CI (2.35, 3.45)), squat jump (SJ) (MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI (1.69, 3.44)), and 20-m sprint performance (MD = - 0.09 s, 95% CI (- 0.14, - 0.05)). Subgroup analysis revealed varying improvements across age stages. In CMJ, the early adolescence (EA) group (MD = 2.57 cm, 95% CI (1.74, 3.40)), mid-adolescence (MA) group (MD = 3.04 cm, 95% CI (2.30, 3.79)), and post-adolescence (PA) group (MD = 3.89 cm, 95% CI (1.96, 5.81)) showed progressive enhancement. The MA group exhibited superior improvements in SJ (MD = 3.78 cm, 95% CI (2.19, 5.36)) and 20-m sprint (MD = - 0.11 s, 95% CI (- 0.18, - 0.05)) compared to the EA group (SJ: MD = 2.10 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 2.77); sprint: MD = - 0.06 s, 95% CI (- 0.11, - 0.01)). The PA group showed no significant improvements (SJ: MD = 1.31 cm, 95% CI (- 1.05, 3.67); sprint: MD = - 0.27 s, 95% CI (- 0.61, 0.07)). For female adolescents, plyometric training effectively improved CMJ (MD = 2.55 cm, 95% CI (1.43, 3.66)), SJ (MD = 2.33 cm, 95% CI (1.36, 3.31)), and 20-m sprint performance (MD = - 0.22 s, 95% CI (- 0.33, - 0.12)).
CONCLUSION
Plyometric training significantly enhances lower limb explosive strength in both male and female adolescents, with age-dependent effects for male adolescents. The greatest improvement in CMJ was observed in the PA stage, followed by the MA stage, while the EA stage showed the least. The MA stage exhibited the best improvements in SJ and sprint performance.
TRAIL REGISTRY
The study has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023406914).
目的
本研究调查了增强式训练对男性青少年与年龄相关的下肢爆发力的影响及其在女性青少年中的有效性。
方法
对五个数据库从建库至2024年9月20日进行全面检索。使用Cochrane风险评估工具评估研究质量，并使用Stata 15软件进行数据分析。
结果
增强式训练对反向纵跳（CMJ）（MD = 2.90厘米，95%CI（2.35，3.45））、深蹲跳（SJ）（MD = 2.57厘米，95%CI（1.69，3.44））和20米短跑成绩（MD = -0.09秒，95%CI（-0.14，-0.05））有积极影响。亚组分析显示不同年龄阶段的改善情况有所不同。在CMJ方面，青春期早期（EA）组（MD = 2.57厘米，95%CI（1.74，3.40））、青春期中期（MA）组（MD = 3.04厘米，95%CI（2.30，3.79））和青春期后期（PA）组（MD = 3.89厘米，95%CI（1.96，5.81））呈现出逐渐增强的趋势。与EA组相比，MA组在SJ（MD = 3.78厘米，95%CI（2.19，5.36））和20米短跑（MD = -0.11秒，95%CI（-0.18，-0.05））方面有更显著的改善（SJ：EA组MD = 2.10厘米，95%CI（1.43，2.77）；短跑：EA组MD = -0.06秒，95%CI（-0.11，-0.01））。PA组无显著改善（SJ：MD = 1.31厘米，95%CI（-1.05，3.67）；短跑：MD = -0.27秒，95%CI（-0.61，0.07））。对于女性青少年，增强式训练有效改善了CMJ（MD = 2.55厘米，95%CI（1.43，3.66））、SJ（MD = 2.33厘米，95%CI（1.36，3.31））和20米短跑成绩（MD = -0.22秒，95%CI（-0.33，-0.12））。
结论
增强式训练显著提高了男性和女性青少年的下肢爆发力，男性青少年存在年龄依赖性效应。CMJ改善最大的是PA阶段，其次是MA阶段，EA阶段改善最小。MA阶段在SJ和短跑成绩方面改善最佳。
试验注册
本研究已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO：CRD42023406914）注册。
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