Hornby-Foster Ian, Richards Cory T, Drane Aimee L, Lodge Freya M, Stembridge Michael, Lord Rachel N, Davey Hannah, Yousef Zaheer, Pugh Christopher J A
Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Road, Cardiff, CF23 6XD, UK.
Musgrove Park Hospital, Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Jan;125(1):131-144. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05598-w. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
Central arterial stiffness, a predictor of cardiovascular risk, attenuates with endurance-exercise in ageing populations. However, in young individuals, this effect is inconsistent and emerging evidence suggests resistance-exercise may increase arterial stiffness. Two-dimensional (2D)-Strain imaging of the common carotid artery (CCA) is more sensitive at detecting endurance-training induced alterations in CCA stiffness than conventional methods, but has not been used to examine CCA stiffness in young resistance-trained individuals. Therefore, we compared CCA 2D-Strain parameters at rest, during acute exercise and recovery between resistance-trained, endurance-trained, and untrained young men.
Short-axis CCA ultrasound images were obtained from 12 endurance-trained [27yrs (95%CI; 24-29)], 14 resistance-trained [24yrs (23-26)] and 12 untrained [23yrs (22-24] men at rest, during isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise and recovery. 2D-Strain analysis quantified CCA peak circumferential strain (PCS) and systolic (S-SR) and diastolic (D-SR) strain rates. Conventional stiffness indices included aortic pulse-wave velocity, CCA β-stiffness (β) and Petersons elastic modulus (E).
Resting conventional stiffness indices were not different between groups (P > 0.05). Resting PCS and S-SR were comparable between resistance- [11.6% (10.6-12.5) and 1.46 s (1.37-1.55), respectively] and endurance-trained [11.4% (10.7-12.2) and 1.5 s (1.38-1.62)] men and superior to untrained men [9.5% (9.19-9.9); P < 0.004 and 1.24 s (1.17 - 1.31); P < 0.018)]. Both trained groups displayed comparable reductions in PCS and S-SR during IHG, which returned to resting values during recovery (P < 0.001), whereas these parameters remained unchanged in untrained men. D-SR decreased during IHG in all groups (P < 0.001), but to a lesser extent in endurance-trained men (P < 0.023), whereas β and E increased to a similar magnitude in all groups and returned to resting values during recovery (P < 0.001).
Resistance- and endurance-trained men display comparable CCA 2D-Strain parameters that are superior to untrained men, which contends previous reports that resistance-training increases CCA stiffness.
中心动脉僵硬度是心血管疾病风险的一个预测指标，在老年人群中，耐力运动可使其降低。然而，在年轻人中，这种效果并不一致，且新出现的证据表明抗阻运动可能会增加动脉僵硬度。与传统方法相比，二维（2D）应变成像技术在检测耐力训练引起的颈总动脉（CCA）僵硬度变化方面更为敏感，但尚未用于检测年轻抗阻训练个体的CCA僵硬度。因此，我们比较了抗阻训练、耐力训练和未训练的年轻男性在静息、急性运动期间和恢复过程中的CCA二维应变参数。
对12名耐力训练男性[27岁（95%置信区间；24-29岁）]、14名抗阻训练男性[24岁（23-26岁）]和12名未训练男性[23岁（22-24岁）]在静息、等长握力（IHG）运动期间和恢复过程中获取短轴CCA超声图像。二维应变分析量化了CCA的峰值圆周应变（PCS）、收缩期（S-SR）和舒张期（D-SR）应变率。传统的僵硬度指标包括主动脉脉搏波速度、CCAβ僵硬度（β）和彼得森弹性模量（E）。
各组间静息时的传统僵硬度指标无差异（P>0.05）。抗阻训练男性[分别为11.6%（10.6-12.5）和1.46秒（1.37-1.55）]和耐力训练男性[11.4%（10.7-12.2）和1.5秒（1.38-1.62）]的静息PCS和S-SR相当，且优于未训练男性[9.5%（9.19-9.9）；P<0.004和1.24秒（1.17-1.31）；P<0.018]。两组训练男性在IHG期间的PCS和S-SR均有类似程度的降低，恢复过程中恢复到静息值（P<0.001），而未训练男性的这些参数保持不变。所有组在IHG期间D-SR均降低（P<0.001），但耐力训练男性降低程度较小（P<0.023），而β和E在所有组中均有类似程度的增加，并在恢复过程中恢复到静息值（P<0.001）。
抗阻训练和耐力训练男性的CCA二维应变参数相当，且优于未训练男性，这与之前关于抗阻训练会增加CCA僵硬度的报道相矛盾。
