Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Psychosom Res. 2021 Nov;150:110617. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110617. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
Self-compassion - the tendency or ability to treat oneself kindly in times of failure or distress - may be a natural fit to support individuals who struggle with weight management. However, while self-compassion shows promise with improving health behaviours, the associations self-compassion has on weight management outcomes are unclear. The objective of this systematic review was three-fold: (1) to evaluate whether self-compassion interventions can increase individual self-compassion in the context of weight management, (2) to investigate if self-compassion interventions can improve weight management outcomes, defined as healthier eating, increased physical activity, or reduced weight and finally, (3) to explore whether these benefits can be sustained over the longer term.
Following PRISMA guidelines, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed and Embase databases were searched. Studies including a measure of self-compassion and a self-compassion intervention reporting weight management outcomes were included. Studies in populations living with an eating disorder were excluded. The Quality Criteria Checklist from the American Dietetic Association was used to assess study quality. Prospero Registration #CRD42019146707.
Of the 9082 records screened, a total of 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Seventeen studies reported significant increases in self-compassion post-intervention. Improvements were also found for eating behaviours (15 of 18), physical activity behaviours (6 of 9), and weight loss (6 of 11). The majority of improvements were maintained at follow-up, except for physical activity behaviours (1 of 7).
Self-compassion interventions tailored to weight management outcomes demonstrate efficacy with increasing self-compassion post-intervention. Methodological weaknesses and questions about the maintenance of any improvements in weight management outcomes limit our ability to make strong conclusions. However, there is promise and clear relevance for including self-compassion interventions to enhance weight management outcomes; directions for improved intervention and study design are given.
自我同情——即在失败或困境中善待自己的倾向或能力——可能非常适合支持那些在体重管理方面苦苦挣扎的人。然而，尽管自我同情在改善健康行为方面显示出了前景，但自我同情与体重管理结果之间的关联尚不清楚。本系统评价的目的有三：（1）评估自我同情干预是否可以在体重管理背景下增加个体的自我同情；（2）研究自我同情干预是否可以改善体重管理结果，定义为更健康的饮食、增加身体活动或减轻体重；最后，（3）探索这些益处是否可以长期持续。
根据 PRISMA 指南，对 Scopus、PsycINFO、Medline、PubMed 和 Embase 数据库进行了搜索。纳入了包含自我同情测量和自我同情干预措施并报告体重管理结果的研究。排除了患有饮食障碍的人群的研究。使用美国饮食协会的质量标准检查表来评估研究质量。Prospéro 注册号为 CRD42019146707。
在筛选出的 9082 条记录中，共有 20 项研究符合纳入标准。17 项研究报告干预后自我同情显著增加。饮食行为（18 项中的 15 项）、身体活动行为（9 项中的 6 项）和体重减轻（11 项中的 6 项）也有所改善。除了身体活动行为（7 项中的 1 项），大多数改善在随访时得以维持。
针对体重管理结果量身定制的自我同情干预措施在干预后增加自我同情方面显示出了疗效。方法上的弱点以及关于体重管理结果中任何改善的维持问题限制了我们做出强有力结论的能力。然而，包含自我同情干预措施以增强体重管理结果具有很大的潜力和明显的相关性；给出了改进干预和研究设计的方向。
