Vu Vuong, Muthuramalingam Karthika, Singh Vineet, Hyun Changlim, Kim Young Mee, Unno Tatsuya, Cho Moonjae
Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63241, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
Eur J Nutr. 2022 Mar;61(2):793-807. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02668-z. Epub 2021 Sep 24.
Probiotics and prebiotics are commonly used to improve the gut microbiota. Since prebiotics can support the growth of probiotics, co-administration of these is called synbiotics. It has been demonstrated that obesity-induced gut dysbiosis can worsen inflammatory bowel disease symptoms. This study evaluated how modulation of gut microbiota with Schizophyllum commune-derived β-glucan (BG), probiotics (PRO), and synbiotics containing both BG and PRO (SYN) could improve the symptoms of obesity-associated colitis and hepatic manifestation.
Mice were fed a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD with different additives (BG, PRO, and SYN) for 12 weeks, followed by 5 days of colitis induction. Mice were sacrificed before and after colitis induction. During the experiment, body weight, food and water consumption, and rectal bleeding were monitored. Proteins from the colon were subjected to western blotting, and serum biomarkers such as alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were analyzed. Colon and liver samples were sectioned for histological analysis. The fecal microbiota was analyzed based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences.
Although BG and PRO secured intestinal tight junctions, these two treatments did not modulate inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory markers (i.e., IL-6 and TNF-α). In contrast, SYN demonstrated stronger and broader effects in reducing colonic inflammation. While BG treatment increased the abundance of indigenous Lactobacillus, PRO treatment decreased bacterial diversity by suppressing the growth of several species of bacteria. SYN treatment groups, however, supported the growth of both indigenous and supplemented bacteria while maintaining bacterial diversity.
Obesity-associated colitis can be improved by modulating gut bacteria with β-glucan and probiotics. The co-administration of both outperformed β-glucan and probiotic treatment alone by fostering both indigenous and supplemented probiotic strains.
益生菌和益生元常用于改善肠道微生物群。由于益生元可支持益生菌的生长，二者联合使用被称为合生元。已有研究表明，肥胖引起的肠道菌群失调会加重炎症性肠病症状。本研究评估了用裂褶菌来源的β-葡聚糖（BG）、益生菌（PRO）以及同时含有BG和PRO的合生元（SYN）调节肠道微生物群如何改善肥胖相关结肠炎和肝脏表现的症状。
给小鼠喂食正常饮食（ND）、高脂饮食（HFD）以及添加不同添加剂（BG、PRO和SYN）的HFD，持续12周，随后进行5天的结肠炎诱导。在结肠炎诱导前后处死小鼠。实验期间，监测小鼠体重、食物和水的消耗量以及直肠出血情况。对结肠蛋白质进行蛋白质印迹分析，并分析血清生物标志物，如丙氨酸转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、甘油三酯和总胆固醇。将结肠和肝脏样本切片进行组织学分析。基于部分16S rRNA基因序列分析粪便微生物群。
尽管BG和PRO可确保肠道紧密连接，但这两种处理并未调节炎症细胞浸润和炎症标志物（即白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α）。相比之下，SYN在减轻结肠炎症方面表现出更强、更广泛的作用。BG处理增加了本土乳酸杆菌的丰度，而PRO处理通过抑制几种细菌的生长降低了细菌多样性。然而，SYN处理组在维持细菌多样性的同时，支持了本土细菌和添加细菌的生长。
通过用β-葡聚糖和益生菌调节肠道细菌可改善肥胖相关结肠炎。二者联合使用通过促进本土和添加的益生菌菌株生长，效果优于单独使用β-葡聚糖和益生菌治疗。
