Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
Crop Science Division, R&D, Bayer AG, Monheim, Germany.
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Sep 26;14(1):495. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04997-8.
Insecticide resistance-and especially pyrethroid resistance-is a major challenge for vector control in public health. The use of insecticide mixtures utilizing alternative modes of action, as well as new formulations facilitating their uptake, is likely to break resistance and slow the development of resistance.
We used genetically defined highly resistant lines of Drosophila melanogaster with distinct target-site mutations and detoxification enzymes to test the efficacy and anti-resistance potential of novel mixture formulations (i.e. Fludora Fusion consisting of deltamethrin and clothianidin), as well as emulsifiable concentrate transfluthrin, compared to alternative, currently used pyrethroid insecticide formulations for vector control.
The commercial mixture Fludora Fusion, consisting of both a pyrethroid (deltamethrin) and a neonicotinoid (clothianidin), performed better than either of the single active ingredients against resistant transgenic flies. Transfluthrin, a highly volatile active ingredient with a different molecular structure and primary exposure route (respiration), was also efficient and less affected by the combination of metabolic and target-site resistance. Both formulations substantially reduced insecticide resistance across different pyrethroid-resistant Drosophila transgenic strains.
The use of mixtures containing two unrelated modes of action as well as a formulation based on transfluthrin showed increased efficacy and resistance-breaking potential against genetically defined highly resistant Drosophila flies. The experimental model remains to be validated with mosquito populations in the field. The possible introduction of new transfluthrin-based products and mixtures for indoor residual spraying, in line with other combination and mixture vector control products recently evaluated for use in public health, will provide solutions for better insecticide resistance management.
杀虫剂耐药性，尤其是拟除虫菊酯耐药性，是公共卫生领域病媒控制的一大挑战。使用具有不同作用模式的杀虫剂混合物，以及促进其吸收的新配方，可能会打破耐药性并减缓耐药性的发展。
我们使用具有明确靶标突变和解毒酶的遗传定义的高度耐药品系黑腹果蝇来测试新型混合物配方（即由氯菊酯和噻虫啉组成的 Fludora Fusion）的功效和抗耐药潜力，以及可乳化浓缩物高效氯氟氰菊酯，与替代的、目前用于病媒控制的拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂配方相比。
商业混合物 Fludora Fusion 由拟除虫菊酯（氯菊酯）和新烟碱（噻虫啉）组成，对具有抗性的转基因苍蝇的效果优于任何一种单一活性成分。高效氯氟氰菊酯是一种挥发性很强的活性成分，具有不同的分子结构和主要暴露途径（呼吸），也很有效，并且受代谢和靶标抗性的组合影响较小。这两种配方都大大降低了不同的对拟除虫菊酯具有抗性的转基因黑腹果蝇的杀虫剂耐药性。
使用含有两种不相关作用模式的混合物以及基于高效氯氟氰菊酯的配方显示出对遗传定义的高度耐药黑腹果蝇具有更高的功效和抗耐药潜力。实验模型仍需在现场的蚊子种群中进行验证。可能引入新的基于高效氯氟氰菊酯的产品和混合物用于室内滞留喷洒，与最近评估用于公共卫生的其他组合和混合物病媒控制产品一致，将为更好的杀虫剂耐药性管理提供解决方案。
